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Caudoviricetes
''Caudovirales'' is an order of viruses known as the tailed bacteriophages (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). Under the Baltimore classification scheme, the ''Caudovirales'' are group I viruses as they have double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes, which can be anywhere from 18,000 base pairs to 500,000 base pairs in length. The virus particles have a distinct shape; each virion has an icosahedral head that contains the viral genome, and is attached to a flexible tail by a connector protein. The order encompasses a wide range of viruses, many containing genes of similar nucleotide sequence and function. However, some tailed bacteriophage genomes can vary quite significantly in nucleotide sequence, even among the same genus. Due to their characteristic structure and possession of potentially homologous genes, it is believed these bacteriophages possess a common origin. There are 14 families, 73 subfamilies, 927 genera, and 2,814 species in the order. This makes ''Caudovirales'' the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myoviridae
''Myoviridae'' is a family of bacteriophages in the order ''Caudovirales''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are 625 species in this family, assigned to eight subfamilies and 217 genera. Subdivisions The subfamily ''Tevenvirinae'' (synonym: ''Tequatrovirinae'') is named after its type species ''Enterobacteria phage T4''. Members of this subfamily are morphologically indistinguishable and have moderately elongated heads of about 110 nanometers (nm) in length, 114 nm long tails with a collar, base plates with short spikes and six long kinked tail fibers. The genera within this subfamily are divided on the basis of head morphology with the genus ''Tequatrovirus'' (Provisional name: ''T4virus'') having a head length of 137 nm and those in the genus ''Schizot4virus'' being 111 nm in length. Within the genera on the basis of protein homology the species have been divided into a number of groups. The subfamily ''Peduovirinae'' have virions with heads of 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prohead
A prohead or procapsid is an immature viral capsid structure formed in the early stages of self-assembly of some bacteriophages, including the ''Caudovirales ''Caudovirales'' is an order of viruses known as the tailed bacteriophages (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). Under the Baltimore classification scheme, the ''Caudovirales'' are group I viruses as they have double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes, ...'' or tailed bacteriophages. Production and assembly of stable proheads is an essential precursor to bacteriophage genome packaging; this packaging activity can be replicated ''in vitro''. The prohead structure may take a different shape from the head of a mature virion, as seen with the prohead of Bacillus subtilis phage φ29. References Bacteriophages {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herelleviridae
''Herelleviridae'' is a family of bacterial viruses of the order ''Caudovirales'' infecting members of the phylum Firmicutes. The family has five subfamilies, 33 genera and 92 species. __TOC__ Etymology The family's name, ''Herelle'' is in honor of Félix d'Hérelle, a French-Canadian microbiologist A microbiologist (from Ancient Greek, Greek ) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of Microorganism, microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, f ..., the suffix ''-viridae'' is the standard suffix for virus families.Jakub Barylski ''et al.''Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages Systematic Biology, Volume 69, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 110–123, doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz036. epub 25 May 2019 Taxonomy The following subfamilies and genera are assigned to ''Herelleviridae'' (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' deno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autographiviridae
''Autographiviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Caudovirales''. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are 373 species in this family, assigned to 9 subfamilies and 133 genera. History Since the 1990s, the term "T7 supergroup" has been coined for the expanding group of bacteriophages related to coliphage T7, as members of the family ''Podoviridae''. Enterobacteriaceae phages SP6 and K1-5 were the first to be considered as an estranged subgroup of the "T7 supergroup". ''Pseudomonas'' phage phiKMV also shared commonalities at the genome organizational level. As such, based on the available morphological and proteomic data, this clade of viruses was established as a subfamily of the family ''Podoviridae''. The subfamily was later raised to the level of family in 2019. Etymology The name of this family, termed ''Autographiviridae'', refers to the “auto-graphein” or “self-transcribing” phages which encode their own (single subunit) RNA polymerase, a common charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ackermannviridae
''Ackermannviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Caudovirales''. Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota serve as natural hosts. There are 2 subfamilies, 10 genera, and 63 species in the family. Etymology The family's name, ''Ackermann'' is in honor of Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann (1936-2017), a German microbiologist, the suffix ''-viridae'' is the standard suffix for virus families.Hans-W. AckermannLife in science Bacteriophage. 2012 Oct 1; 2(4): 207. doi: 10.4161/bact.23159 . . A curriculum vitae. Taxonomy The following taxa are recognized (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' denotes genus): * '' Aglimvirinae'' ** '' Agtrevirus'' ** '' Limestonevirus'' * '' Cvivirinae'' ** ''Kuttervirus'' ''incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by ' (of uncertain family), ' (of uncertain suborder), ' (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples *The fossil plant '' Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Bocage's longbill, ''Motacilla bocagii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
