|
Carbonicolaceae
''Carbonicola'' is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the monogeneric family Carbonicolaceae. The genus, which collectively has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, contains three squamulose lichens that prefer to grow on burned wood in temperate areas of the world. Taxonomy Both the genus and the family were circumscribed in 2013 by Mika Bendiksby and Ernst Timdal. In a reassessment of the genus ''Hypocenomyce'', they found that the genus–as then circumscribed–was polyphyletic, dividable into seven clades belonging to different genera, families, orders and even subclasses. ''Carbonicola'' includes the three species formerly included in the ''Hypocenomyce anthracophila'' group. Using molecular phylogenetic analysis, genus ''Carbonicola'' was shown outside to lie outside the Lecanoraceae, in a sister group position to a clade containing the Cladoniaceae and Stereocaulaceae. The generic name ''Carbonicola'' combines the Latin roots ''carbo'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonicola Anthracophila
''Carbonicola'' is the genus name for two groups of organisms and may refer to: * ''Carbonicola'' (bivalve), an extinct genus of bivalves in the family Anthracosiidae * ''Carbonicola'' (lichen), a genus of lichens in the family Carbonicolaceae {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonicola Foveata
''Carbonicola'' is the genus name for two groups of organisms and may refer to: * ''Carbonicola'' (bivalve), an extinct genus of bivalves in the family Anthracosiidae * ''Carbonicola'' (lichen), a genus of lichens in the family Carbonicolaceae {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonicola Myrmecina
''Carbonicola'' is the genus name for two groups of organisms and may refer to: * ''Carbonicola'' (bivalve), an extinct genus of bivalves in the family Anthracosiidae * ''Carbonicola'' (lichen), a genus of lichens in the family Carbonicolaceae {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanoraceae
The Lecanoraceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution. Taxonomy Lecanoraceae was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855. Genera According to a 2017 estimate, Lecanoraceae contains 791 species distributed amongst 25 genera. *''Adelolecia'' – 4 spp. *'' Ameliella'' – 2 spp. *''Bryodina'' – 2 spp. *''Bryonora'' – 11 spp. *'' Cladidium'' – 2 spp. *'' Claurouxia'' – 1 sp. *'' Clauzadeana'' – 1 sp. *'' Edrudia'' – 1 sp. *'' Frutidella'' – 3 sp. *'' Huea'' – 25 spp. *''Japewiella'' – 7 spp. *''Lecanora'' – 550 spp. *''Lecidella'' – 80 spp. *'' Miriquidica'' – 25 spp. *''Myriolecis'' – 34 spp. *'' Myrionora'' – 2 spp. *''Palicella'' – 3 spp. *'' Polyozosia'' – 42 spp. *'' Protoparmeliopsis'' – 39 spp. *'' Psorinia'' – 2 spp. *''Pulvinora'' – 2 spp. *''Punctonora'' – 1 sp. *''Pyrrhospora'' – 8 spp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanora
''Lecanora'' is a genus of lichen commonly called rim lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens in the genus ''Squamarina'' are also called rim lichens. Members of the genus have roughly circular fruiting discs (apothecia) with rims that have photosynthetic tissue similar to that of the nonfruiting part of the lichen body (thallus). Other lichens with apothecia having margins made of thallus-like tissue are called lecanorine. ''Lecanora'' has a crustose thallus, trebouxoid photobiont, colourless ascospores and crystals in the amphitecium. It is in the family Lecanoraceae in the suborder Lecanorineae. Species : *'' Lecanora campestris'' (Schaer.) Hue 1888 *''Lecanora conizaeoides'' Nyl. ex Cromb. 1885 *'' Lecanora gangaleoides'', Nyl. 1872 *'' Lecanora grantii'', H. Magn. 1932 *''Lecanora helicopis'', (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. 1814 *'' Lecanora mellea'', W.A.Weber (1975) *''Lecanora muralis'', (Schreb.) Rabenh. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladoniaceae
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. It is one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi, with about 560 species distributed amongst 17 genera. The reindeer moss and cup lichens (''Cladonia'') belong to this family. The latter genus, which comprises about 500 species, forms a major part of the diet of large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. Many Cladoniaceae lichens grow on soil, but other can use decaying wood, tree trunks, and, in a few instances, rocks as their substrate. They grow in places with high humidity, and cannot tolerate aridity. Many Cladoniaceae species are characterized by a thallus that has two distinct forms: a scaly or crust-like primary thallus that, depending on the species, can be permanent or temporary, and a secondary fruticose thallus called a podetium or pseudopodetium. Cladoniaceae members form symbiotic associations with green algae from the class Trebouxiophyceae, usually the genus '' Asterochloris' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocaulaceae
The Stereocaulaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. It contains five genera. Species of this family are widely distributed in temperate boreal and austral regions. Genera *'' Hertelidea'' – 6 spp. *''Lepraria'' – 86 spp. *''Stereocaulon'' – 45 spp. *''Squamarina ''Squamarina'' is a genus of lichens in the family Stereocaulaceae, although it has recently been suggested that it may belong in the family Ramalinaceae.Ekman, Stefan, Heidi L. Andersen, and Mats Wedin. 2008. The limitations of ancestral state r ...'' – 4 spp. *'' Xyleborus'' – 2 spp. References * Lichen families Lecanoromycetes families Taxa named by François Fulgis Chevallier Taxa described in 1826 {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae. Inert substrates are used as growing support materials in the hydroponic cultivation of plants. In biology substrates are often activated by the nanoscopic process of substrate presentation. In agriculture and horticulture * Cellulose substrate * Expanded clay aggregate (LECA) * Rock wool * Potting soil * Soil In animal biotechnology Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture are the same as described for plant cell, tissue and organ culture (In Vitro Culture Techniques: The Biotechnological Principles). Desirable requirements are (i) air conditioning of a room, (ii) hot room with temperature recorder, (iii) microscope r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudotsuga Menziesii
The Douglas fir (''Pseudotsuga menziesii'') is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (''P. menziesii'' var. ''menziesii''), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (''P. menziesii'' var. ''glauca'') and Mexican Douglas-fir (''P. menziesii'' var. ''lindleyana''). Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus ''Abies''), spruce (genus ''Picea''), or pine (genus ''Pinus''). It is also not a hemlock; the genus name ''Pseudotsuga'' means "false hemlock". Description Douglas-firs are medium-size to extremely large evergreen trees, tall (although only ''Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii'', common name coast Douglas-firs, reach heights near 100 m) and commonly reach in diameter, although trees with diameters of almost exist. The largest coast Douglas-firs regularly live over 500 years, with the oldes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensu Lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage. Common qualifiers ''Sensu'' is the ablative case of the noun ''sensus'', here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are: *''sensu stricto'' – "in the strict sense", abbreviation ''s.s.'' or ''s.str.''; *''sensu lato'' – "in the broad sense", abbreviation ''s.l.''; *''sensu amplo'' – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to ''sensu lato''. Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase ''sensu eminenti'' to mean "in the pre-eminent r most important or significantsense". When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Cladoniaceae")
.png "Click for more on -> Sister Group")