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Carajás National Forest
The Carajás National Forest ( pt, Floresta Nacional de Carajás) is a national forest in the state of Pará, Brazil. It covers the Serra dos Carajás (Carajás Mountains), an area with large deposits of iron ore, and attempts to combine the roles of supporting mineral extraction with preserving the environment and maintaining biodiversity. Location The Serra dos Carajás is in the Amazon deforestation arc at the eastern end of a large forest area in Para. The Serra dos Carajás is a mountain complex about with complex geology but with almost flat tops from in altitude. The mountains were originally completely covered by moist equatorial forest. Temperatures average with little variation throughout the year. The Carajás National Forest has an area of . It covers parts of the municipalities of Canaã dos Carajás, Parauapebas and Água Azul do Norte in the state of Pará. There are huge reserves of high quality iron ore and some manganese ore. These reserves were discovered a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parauapebas
Parauapebas is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil. Geography To the north is the municipality of Marabá; to the east, Curionópolis; to the south-east, Canaã dos Carajás; to the south, Água Azul do Norte; to the south-west, Ourilândia do Norte, and to the west, São Félix do Xingu. The municipality contains part of the Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 1989. It contains 68.9% of the Carajás National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 1998 that includes mining operations in a huge deposit of high-grade iron ore. Carajás Mine is located in the boundaries of the municipality. Transport There are direct road connections with Marabá to the north-east, Curionópolis to the east, and Canaã dos Carajás to the south. One of Brazil's only inter-city rail services (Carajás Railway) is operated by rail freight operator Vale and links São Luís with Parauapeba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Protected Area Categories
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the world's natural environment and biodiversity. The IUCN has developed the protected area management categories system to define, record and classify the wide variety of specific aims and concerns when categorising protected areas and their objectives. This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national governments and international bodies such as the United Nations and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Categories Category Ia – strict nature reserve A strict nature reserve (IUCN Category Ia) is an area which is protected from all but light human use in order to protect its biodiversity and also possibly its geological/geomorphical features. These areas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1998 Establishments In Brazil
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles. * January 11 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria. * January 12 – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning. * January 17 – The ''Drudge Report'' breaks the story about U.S. President Bill Clinton's alleged affair with Monica Lewinsky, which will lead to the House of Representatives' impeachment of him. February * February 3 – Cavalese cable car disaster: A United States military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, when his low-flying EA-6B Prowler severs the cable of a cable-car. * February 4 – The 5.9 Afghanistan earthquake shakes the Takhar Province with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (''Very strong''). With up to 4, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Amazon Ecological Corridor
The South Amazon Ecological Corridor ( pt, Corredor Sul da Amazônia) is a proposed ecological corridor connecting conservation units and indigenous territories in the southeast of the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. Background The first version of the ''Ecological Corridors of Tropical Forests of Brazil'' proposal was developed by a group of consultants at the request of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment and presented in the first half of 1997. Seven major corridors were proposed: the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor, Northern Amazon Ecological Corridor, South Amazon Ecological Corridor, South Amazon Ecotones Ecological Corridor, Western Amazon Ecological Corridor, Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor and Serra do Mar Ecological Corridor. These corresponded to about 25% of the rainforests of Brazil. Priority was given to the Central Amazon Corridor and the Central Atlantic Forest Corridor, which would test and develop the concepts for use with the subsequent cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaguar
The jaguar (''Panthera onca'') is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus '' Panthera'' native to the Americas. With a body length of up to and a weight of up to , it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the third largest in the world. Its distinctively marked coat features pale yellow to tan colored fur covered by spots that transition to rosettes on the sides, although a melanistic black coat appears in some individuals. The jaguar's powerful bite allows it to pierce the carapaces of turtles and tortoises, and to employ an unusual killing method: it bites directly through the skull of mammalian prey between the ears to deliver a fatal blow to the brain. The modern jaguar's ancestors probably entered the Americas from Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene via the land bridge that once spanned the Bering Strait. Today, the jaguar's range extends from core Southwestern United States across Mexico and much of Central America, the Amazon rainfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uta Hick's Bearded Saki
Uta Hick's bearded saki (''Chiropotes utahicki'') is an endangered species of bearded saki, a type of New World monkey. It is endemic to Brazil, where restricted to the Amazon between the Xingu and Tocantins Rivers. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the more easterly '' C. satanas'', but its back is pale brownish.Silva Jr., J. S. and Figueiredo, W. M. B. (2002). ''Revisão sistemática dos cuxiús, gênero Chiropotes Lesson, 1840 (Primates Pithecidae).'' Livro de Resumos do XO. Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Amazônia – A Última Fronteira: 21. Belém, Brazil.Bonvicino, C. R., Boubli, J. P., Otazú, I. B., Almeida, F. C., Nascimento, F. F., Coura, J. R. and Seuánez, H. N. (2003). ''Morphologic, karyotypic, and molecular evidence of a new form of Chiropotes (primates, pitheciinae).'' American Journal of Primatology 61(3): 123-133. Etymology It was named in honor of Uta Hick, a German primatologist who cared for bearded sakis at the Cologne Zoo. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest
Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest ( pt, Floresta Nacional do Tapirapé-Aquiri) is a national forest in the state of Pará, Brazil. It is surrounded by other protected areas, so has suffered relatively little from deforestation. Location The Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest is in the Amazon biome. It has an area of . It covers parts of the municipalities of Marabá, São Félix do Xingu and Parauapebas in the state of Pará. After granting the mining concession for the rich iron ore deposits in the Carajás Mountains, the federal government created three protected areas around the concession: the Igarapé Gelado Environmental Protection Area, the Tapirapé Biological Reserve and the Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest. These areas, together with the Carajás National Forest, form a continuous block around the Carajás Mineral Province. The forest borders the Tapirapé Biological Reserve to the north, the Carajás National Forest to the east, the Xikrin do Cateté Indigenous Territor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapirapé Biological Reserve
Tapirapé Biological Reserve ( pt, Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé) is a biological reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil. History The reserve, which covers , was established by decree on 5 May 1989. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The reserve lies in the municipalities of Marabá and São Félix do Xingu in the state of Pará. It is located in the basins of the Tocantins River and Araguaia River. The reserve has two physical bases, of which the Bacaba Base can accommodate 20 people with basic infrastructure for researchers and students including a small laboratory room, a dock for small boats and security. Status The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is to fully preserve the biota and other natural attributes without direct human interference. The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program. The reserve is in the Amazon biome and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Institute Of Environment And Renewable Natural Resources
Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources ( pt, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, IBAMA) is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm. IBAMA supports anti-deforestation of the Amazon, and implements laws against deforestation where the government ceases to implement. IBAMA works to keep the forest from loggers, farming, agricultural farm grazing and anything that would threaten the Amazon. Spix's macaw Among IBAMA's diverse environmental and natural resources activities, it manages The Working Group for the Recovery of the Spix's macaw and the associated ''Ararinha Azul'' project for conserving one of the rarest birds in the world. However the last Spix's macaw living in the wilderness disappeared in 2000 and the species became extinct in the wild. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chico Mendes Institute For Biodiversity Conservation
The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Portuguese: ''Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade'', ICMBio) is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm."Brazilian Federal Law 11.516/2007 (Portuguese)". http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/lei/l11516.htm It is named after the environmental activist Chico Mendes Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, better known as Chico Mendes (; 15 December 1944 – 22 December 1988), was a Brazilian rubber tapper, trade union leader and environmentalist. He fought to preserve the Amazon rainforest, and advocated for the h .... References Nature conservation in Brazil Executive branch of Brazil Research institutes in Brazil Biodiversity databases Government agencies established in 2007 Environmental organizations established in 2007 2007 establishments in Brazil {{brazil-gov-stub, date=March 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Forest (Brazil)
A national forest ( pt, Floresta Nacional, FLONA) in Brazil is a type of sustainable use protected area. The primary purpose is sustainable exploitation of the forest, subject to various limits. These include a requirement to preserve at least 50% of the original forest, to preserve forest along watercourses and on steep slopes, and so on. More than 10% of the Amazon rainforest is protected by national forests or other types of conservation unit. Definition The concept of the National Forest originated with the 1934 Forest Code. It is an area with forest cover of predominantly native species and has the basic objective of the sustainable multiple use of forest resources and scientific research, with emphasis on methods for sustainable exploitation of native forests. The forest is publicly owned, and any private lands in its boundaries are expropriated when it is formed. Indigenous populations may remain in the forest. Public visits are allowed, and research is encouraged, subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S11D
S11D, or Serra Sul, is an iron ore mining project undertaken by Vale in Serra dos Carajás, Brazil. It is the largest iron ore mine project in the world, at 90 million tonnes per year. Project The project is a $19.5 billion investment, which is key to Vale's future. Production began in December 2016, and the first ore was loaded on ships in January 2017. Production will reach 90 million tonnes of iron ore by 2018, but the transport infrastructure built as part of the S11D project will also support 230 Mt/y of production from other mines to the northeast near Carajas. S11D will use truckless mining; shovels and mobile crushers will work at the mine face and feed directly onto conveyor belts, which take the ore to processing facilities. This lowers environmental impact and also mitigates the difficulty of finding many skilled staff in a remote area. Iron ore will be transported by rail to the Ponta da Madeira port terminal, which is being expanded to handle a very large increase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
