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Candaharia Izzatullaevi
''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae.Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"Version 2.3./ref> Species Species within the genus ''Candaharia'' include: subgenus ''Candaharia'' * '' Candaharia rutellum'' (Hutton, 1849) - type species subgenus '' Levanderiella'' Schileyko, 2007Schileyko A. A. (2007). "''Levanderiella'', a new name for ''Levanderia'' Likharev et Wiktor, 1980 (Pulmonata, Parmacellidae)". ''Ruthenica'' 17(1-2): 84PDF * ''Candaharia levanderi'' (Simroth, 1901) subgenus ? * ''Candaharia aethiops ''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmace ...'' (Westerlund, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candaharia Rutellum
''Candaharia rutellum'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Parmacellidae. Distribution The distribution of ''Candaharia rutellum'' includes mountains in Central Asia: Tien-Shan, Alai and Pamir- Darvaz. * AfghanistanKantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"Version 2.3./ref> * Pakistan * Kyrgyzstan * Tajikistan Other known areas of distribution include: * The surroundings of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Wiktor A. & Jurkowska J. (2007). "The collection of terrestrial slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) at the Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University (Poland)". ''Folia Malacologica'' 15(2): 83-93. The type locality for this species is Kandahar Kandahar (; Kandahār, , Qandahār) is a List of cities in Afghanistan, city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on the Arghandab River, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen FRS FZS FRGS MBOU (6 July 1834 – 2 December 1923), known until 1854 as Henry Haversham Austen, was an English topographer, surveyor, naturalist and geologist. He explored the mountains in the Himalayas and surveyed the glaciers at the base of K2, also known as Mount Godwin-Austen. Geographer Kenneth Mason called Godwin-Austen "probably the greatest mountaineer of his day". He also remains the most important investigator of the terrestrial molluscs of the Indian subcontinent. Early life The eldest son of the geologist Robert Austen, who in 1854 added Godwin to his surname by royal licence, Henry Haversham Austen was probably born at Ogwell House, near Newton Abbot, Devon, where his father had recently taken up residence. His father's family, landowners in Cheshire and Surrey since the 12th century, was a family of merchant venturers, soldiers, scholars, and collectors. His grandfather, Sir Henry Edmund Austen (1785– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semislugs (this is in contrast to the common name ''snail'', which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it). Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite a superficial similarity in the overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic. Taxonomy Of the six orders of Pulmonata, two – the Onchidiacea and Soleolifera – solely comprise slugs. A third family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrestrial Molluscs
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones. Characteristics This group includes land snails and land slugs. Loss of the shell has taken place many times in different groups that are not evolutionarily closely related, and land snails and slugs are most often treated together as a single group in specialized malacological literature.Barker G. M. (ed.) The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2001, 558 pp. .Barker G. M. (ed.) Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2004, 644 pp. . All terrestrial molluscs belong to the class Gastropoda. However, colonization of the land took place several times during the evolutionary past, and as a result terrestrial molluscs are classified in several different, often not closely related, gastropod taxa. Terrestr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmacellidae
Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmacelloidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Slugs in this family make and use love darts made of chitin. Distribution The distribution of the family Parmacellidae includes the western Palearctic, and ranges from the Canary Islands and Europe to Afghanistan. ** subgenus '' Levanderiella'' Schileyko, 2007Schileyko A. A. (2007). "''Levanderiella'', a new name for ''Levanderia'' Likharev et Wiktor, 1980 (Pulmonata, Parmacellidae)". ''Ruthenica'' 17(1-2): 84PDF * '' Cryptella'' Webb & Berthelot, 1833Parmacellidae [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candaharia Levanderi
''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae.Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"Version 2.3./ref> Species Species within the genus ''Candaharia'' include: subgenus ''Candaharia'' * '' Candaharia rutellum'' (Hutton, 1849) - type species subgenus '' Levanderiella'' Schileyko, 2007Schileyko A. A. (2007). "''Levanderiella'', a new name for ''Levanderia'' Likharev et Wiktor, 1980 (Pulmonata, Parmacellidae)". ''Ruthenica'' 17(1-2): 84PDF * '' Candaharia levanderi'' (Simroth, 1901) subgenus ? * ''Candaharia aethiops ''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmace ...'' (Westerlund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candaharia Aethiops
''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmacelloidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies (ac ....Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"Version 2.3./ref> Species Species within the genus ''Candaharia'' include: subgenus ''Candaharia'' * '' Candaharia rutellum'' (Hutton, 1849) - type species subgenus '' Levanderiella'' Schileyko, 2007Schileyko A. A. (2007). "''Levanderiella'', a new name for ''Levanderia'' Likharev et Wiktor, 1980 (Pulmonata, Parmacellidae)". ''Ruthenica'' 17(1-2): 84PDF * '' Candaharia levanderi'' (Simroth, 1901) subgenus ? * '' Candaharia aethiops'' (Westerlun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candaharia Izzatullaevi
''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae.Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"Version 2.3./ref> Species Species within the genus ''Candaharia'' include: subgenus ''Candaharia'' * '' Candaharia rutellum'' (Hutton, 1849) - type species subgenus '' Levanderiella'' Schileyko, 2007Schileyko A. A. (2007). "''Levanderiella'', a new name for ''Levanderia'' Likharev et Wiktor, 1980 (Pulmonata, Parmacellidae)". ''Ruthenica'' 17(1-2): 84PDF * ''Candaharia levanderi'' (Simroth, 1901) subgenus ? * ''Candaharia aethiops ''Candaharia'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Parmacellidae Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmace ...'' (Westerlund, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
