|
Camless
A camless or free-valve piston engine is an engine that has poppet valves operated by means of electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuators instead of conventional cams. Actuators can be used to both open and close valves, or to open valves closed by springs or other means. Camshafts normally have one lobe per valve, with a fixed valve duration and lift. Although many modern engines use camshaft phasing, adjusting the lift and valve duration in a working engine is more difficult. Some manufacturers use systems with more than one cam lobe, but this is still a compromise as only a few profiles can be in operation at once. This is not the case with the camless engine, where lift and valve timing can be adjusted freely from valve to valve and from cycle to cycle. It also allows multiple lift events per cycle and, indeed, no events per cycle—switching off the cylinder entirely. Camless development Camless valve trains have long been investigated by several companies, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koenigsegg
Koenigsegg Automotive AB () is a Swedish manufacturer of high-performance sports cars based in Ängelholm, Skåne County, Sweden. Company The company was founded in 1994 in Sweden by Christian von Koenigsegg, with the intention of producing a "world-class" sports car. Many years of development and testing led to the CC8S, the company's first street-legal production car which was introduced in 2002. In 2006, Koenigsegg began production of the CCX, which uses an engine created in-house specifically for the car. The goal was to develop a car homologated for use worldwide, particularly the United States whose strict regulations did not allow the import of earlier Koenigsegg models. In March 2009, the CCXR was listed by ''Forbes'' as one of "the world's most beautiful cars". In December 2010, the Agera won the BBC Top Gear Hypercar of the Year Award. Apart from developing, manufacturing and selling the Koenigsegg line of sports cars, Koenigsegg is also involved in "green t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koenigsegg Gemera
The Koenigsegg Gemera is a limited production four-seat plug-in hybrid grand tourer to be manufactured by the Swedish automobile manufacturer Koenigsegg. It was unveiled on 3 March 2020 at an online broadcast by Koenigsegg at the cancelled Geneva Motor Show. Specifications The Gemera is the first four-seater car built by Koenigsegg and the first to be powered by a compact engine weighing only . The engine is so small because it is a camless piston engine, the first such engine announced for a production car. Called the Tiny Friendly Giant (TFG), it displaces 1988.25cc and has two turbos and three cylinders driving the front wheels and charging the batteries. It is rated at at 7500 rpm, with a redline at 8500 rpm, and of torque from 2000 rpm to 7000 rpm. There are also three electric motors, one for each rear wheel with 500 bhp and 1000 Nm each and one on the crankshaft with 400 bhp and 500 Nm to power the front wheels; these combine to give of electric power; together wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koenigsegg TFG
The Koenigsegg TFG is an Inline-3 engine. The TFG stands for "Tiny Friendly Giant." It is a Freevalve (Camless piston engine), thus it does not have a camshaft. Instead it uses pneumatic actuators that allows it to open each valve (both intake and exhaust) independently to maximise performance and minimise fuel consumption depending on driving conditions. The pneumatic actuators also have the ability to switch the engine between 2-stroke cycles and 4-stroke cycles by controlling the number of power strokes in relation to the number of idle strokes. The patent for this system was bought by Koenigsegg's sister company Cargine Engineering in 2002. The Variable displacement system allows fuel economy to be 15%-20% higher than a variable camshaft engine. Cold start emissions are also drastically reduced by 60% over a variable camshaft engine. The engine is equipped with a small turbo for one set of exhaust valves, and a larger turbo for the other set of exhaust valves. However th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piston Engine
A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then or earlier.''Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach'' by Yunus A. Cengal and Michael A. Boles Common features in all types There may be one or more pistons. Each piston is inside a cylinder, into which a gas is int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engine Control Unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also commonly called an engine control module (ECM), is a type of electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance. It does this by reading values from a multitude of sensors within the engine bay, interpreting the data using multidimensional performance maps (called lookup tables), and adjusting the engine actuators. Before ECUs, air–fuel mixture, ignition timing, and idle speed were mechanically set and dynamically controlled by mechanical and pneumatic means. If the ECU has control over the fuel lines, then it is referred to as an electronic engine management system (EEMS). The fuel injection system has the major role of controlling the engine's fuel supply. The whole mechanism of the EEMS is controlled by a stack of sensors and actuators. Workings Control of air–fuel ratio Most modern engines use some type of fuel injection to deliver fuel to the cylind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AutoWeek
''Autoweek'' is a car culture publication based in Detroit, Michigan. It was first published in 1958 and in 1977 the publication was purchased by Crain Communications Inc, its current parent company. The magazine was published weekly and focused on motor sports, new car reviews, and old cars, events and DIY. Autoweek now publishes Autoweek.com. Autoweek is owned by Crain Communications Inc., publisher of leading industry trade publications Advertising Age and Automotive News, among others, and is based in Detroit, Michigan. The Autoweek also includes an ''Autoweek'' iPhone and iPad app. As of November 2019 the publication went digital and was no longer available in printed format. Hearst Magazines entered a multi-year licensing deal with Crain Communications to operate the digital and experiential businesses of ''Autoweek''. History ''Autoweek'' began publication in 1958 as a bi-weekly motorsports newsletter, titled ''Competition Press''. One of the editors involved with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helical Camshaft
A helical camshaft is a type of mechanical variable valve actuation (VVA) system. More specifically it is a camshaft that allows the valve opening duration to be varied over a wide, continuous, step-less range, with all of the added duration being at full valve lift. In this article a “variable duration camshaft” refers to a camshaft with a design that is intended to replace a conventional camshaft in a cylinder head and operate the valves through conventional followers. Further qualifications are: *that the duration range is step-less and continuous *all the added range is at full valve lift *the range is wide enough to allow full torque/power at even extremely high RPM *the range is wide enough to allow engine load control by late inlet valve closing (LIVC) *the rates of valve opening/closing, acceleration, jerk etc. are within acceptable limits at all duration settings These qualifications must be made as there have been many claims over the years of purely mec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camcon Technology
Camcon Technology (also Camcon Auto) is a Cambridge-based company focused on the core research and development of the Camcon Binary Actuator, a new class of digital valve technology. It develops high-speed and low-energy control of liquid and gas used in the healthcare industry. About Camcon Camcon is based in the UK's Silicon Fen and was founded by Wladyslaw Wygnanski in 2000 as a vehicle to support the development and commercialisation of a new class of binary actuating technology. The Intellectual Property company aims to make the Camcon Binary Actuator a worldwide standard and 32 worldwide patents have already been granted. The company is developing products based on the Camcon Binary Actuator in a number of industrial markets, including oil & gas, medical, automotive and aviation, where its unique characteristics are deemed to offer the largest financial and technological return. Camcon is funded by Hit & Run Music Publishing, the management team behind the Genesis (ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Cycle
The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it, fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the combustion chamber, into which fuel is then injected. This is in contrast to igniting the fuel-air mixture with a spark plug as in the Otto cycle (four-stroke/petrol) engine. Diesel engines are used in aircraft, automobiles, power generation, diesel–electric locomotives, and both surface ships and submarines. The Diesel cycle is assumed to have constant pressure during the initial part of the combustion phase (V_2 to V_3 in the diagram, below). This is an idealized mathematical model: real physical diesels do have an increase in pressure during this period, but it is less pronounced than in the Otto cycle. In contrast, the idealized Otto cycle of a gasoline engine approximates a constant volume process during that phase. Idealized Diesel cycle The image shows a p-V diagram for the ideal Diesel cycle; where p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exhaust Gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an ''exhaust plume''. It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include crankcase blow-by and evaporation of unused gasoline. Motor vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog in some large cities. A 2013 study by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) indicates that 53,000 early deaths occur per year in the United States alone because of vehicle emissions. According to another study from the same university, traffic fumes alone cause the death of 5,000 people every year just in the United Kingdom. Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur Oxide
Sulfur oxide refers to many types of sulfur and oxygen containing compounds such as SO, SO2, SO3, S7O2, S6O2, S2O2, etc. Sulfur oxide (SO''x'') refers to one or more of the following: * Lower sulfur oxides (S''n''O, S7O2 and S6O2) * Sulfur monoxide (SO) and its dimer, Disulfur dioxide (S2O2) * Sulfur dioxide (SO2) * Sulfur trioxide Sulfur trioxide (alternative spelling sulphur trioxide, also known as ''nisso sulfan'') is the chemical compound with the formula SO3. It has been described as "unquestionably the most important economically" sulfur oxide. It is prepared on an ind ... (SO3) * Higher sulfur oxides (SO3 and SO4 and polymeric condensates of them) * Disulfur monoxide (S2O) {{Chemistry index * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
