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Calamitaceae
Calamitaceae is an extinct family of plants related to the modern horsetails. Some members of this family attained tree-like stature during the Carboniferous Period (around ) and in Permian Period, reaching heights of up to 20 meters. The family takes its name from its principal genus ''Calamites''. Because some proposed species are based on partial fossil records, it is not clear if these are merely different parts of the same type. Proposed genera and species of Calamitaceae * ''Annularia''. ** ''A. stellata''. * '' Arthropitys''. * '' Asterophyllites'' (or incorrectly ''Asterophyllum''). * '' Astromyelon''. * ''Calamites ''Calamites'' is a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus '' Equisetum'') are closely related. Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights o ...''. ** ''C. carinatus''. ** ''C. suckowi''. ** ''C. undulatus''. * '' Calamocarpon''. * '' Calamostachy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equisetales
Equisetales is an order of subclass Equisetidae with only one living family, Equisetaceae, containing the genus '' Equisetum'' (horsetails). Classification In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, Equisetales, in its present circumscription, was held to be the sole member of class Equisetopsida. The linear sequence of Christenhusz et al. (2011), intended for compatibility with the classification of Chase and Reveal (2009) which placed all land plants in Equisetopsida, made it the sole member of subclass Equisetidae, equivalent to Smith's Equisetopsida. The placement of Equisetales in subclass Equisetidae has subsequently been followed in the classifications of Christenhusz and Chase (2014) and PPG I (2016). The fossil record includes additional extinct species in Equisetaceae and the extinct families Calamitaceae, Archaeocalamitaceae and Phyllothecaceae The prehistoric family Phyllothecaceae, of the plant order Equisetales, was erected in 1828 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropitys
''Arthropitys'' is an extinct genus of calamitacean equisetale. The petrified fossils of ''Arthropitys bistriata'', the type species, can be found at Chemnitz petrified forest, Chemnitz, Germany. History Petrified trunks of tree ferns, seed ferns, conifers as well as Cordaitales and different species of Calamites ''Calamites'' is a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus '' Equisetum'') are closely related. Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights o .... The primeval plants were repeatedly discovered from the 17 century ongoing till today and mostly at Hilbersdorf, today a district of Chemnitz. In the mid-18th century, gemstone prospector David Frenzel (1691-1772) found numerous examples of this wood in the hills in and around Chemnitz. One of his 1751 finds is one of the few petrified wood specimens still possessing its roots. Later a collector, the Hilbersdorf c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annularia
''Annularia'' is a form taxon, applied to fossil foliage belonging to extinct plants of the genus ''Calamites'' in the order Equisetales. Description ''Annularia'' is a form taxon name given to leaves of ''Calamites''. In that species, the leaves formed radiating leaf whorls at each stem node, in a similar way to the branches of ''Equisetum'', an extant genus of horsetails. ''Annularia'' leaves are arranged in whorls of between 8-13 leaves. The leaf shape is quite variable, being oval in ''Annularia sphenophylloides'' and linear to lanceolate in ''Annularia radiata'', but they are always flat and of varying lengths. ''Calamites'' were arborescent and grew to a height of 32 feet (10 meters). Fossil records Fossils of this genus have been discovered in the Permian strata of Russia and in the Carboniferous (around ) strata of the United States, Canada, China and Europe. Calamitaceae - Annularia stellata.JPG, Specimen of ''Annularia stellata'' from Italy on display at the Museo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern Families
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except the lycopods, and differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls, that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Plant Families
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous Plants
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin '' carbō'' ("coal") and '' ferō'' ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
