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Caen Guided Light Transit
The Caen guided light transit or Caen ''TVR'', locally known as "the Tram", was an electrically powered guided bus system in Caen, France, which uses Bombardier Guided Light Transit (''TVR'' in French) technology. After a construction time lasting three years, the system opened on 18 November 2002 at a total cost of 227 million euros.''Tramways & Urban Transit'', January 2003, p. 23. Ian Allan Publishing/Light Rail Transit Association. The Caen transport company, Twisto (CTAC), was the operator of the ''TVR'' system and called the system the "Tram". Service was provide by 24 three-section articulated vehicles, guided by a central non-supporting rail. The entire passenger line was guided, and in normal service the vehicles are powered by electricity drawn from an overhead wire through a pantograph. The vehicles had auxiliary diesel engines and steering wheels and were able to operate away from the guide rail, but only in diesel mode, and under normal operating conditions they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bombardier Guided Light Transit
Guided Light Transit (GLT, french: Transport sur Voie Réservée or TVR) was the name of guided bus technology and associated infrastructure designed and manufactured by Bombardier Transportation (now Alstom). It was installed in two French cities: Nancy and Caen. As of 2022, only the Nancy system is in operation, however it will be withdrawn in February 2023 and replaced by trolleybuses. The Caen system has been abandoned and now rebuilt as a conventional tramway by 2019. Both of the systems in these cities are referred to as " tramways on tyres", and in common with tram systems they use a surface guidance system and in normal operation are powered by electricity drawn from an overhead wire. However, while the vehicles are guided by a central guidance rail, they ride on rubber tyres, not on rails. There has been disagreement about whether they should be called "trams", for that reason and also because they are capable of being steered and operating independently of the guida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bus Garage
A bus garage, also known as a bus depot, bus base or bus barn, is a facility where buses are stored and maintained. In many conurbations, bus garages are on the site of former car barns or tram sheds, where trams (streetcars) were stored, and the operation transferred to buses. In other areas, garages were built to replace horsebus yards or on virgin sites when populations were not as high as now. Description Most bus garages will contain the following elements: *Internal parking *External parking *Fueling point *Fuel storage tanks *Engineering section *Inspection pits *Bus wash *Brake test lane *Staff canteen/break room *Administration office Smaller garages may contain the minimum engineering facilities, restricted to light servicing capabilities only. Garages may also contain recovery vehicles, often converted buses, although their incidence has declined with the use of contractors to recover break-downs, and the increase in reliability. Overnight, the more valuable or regu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trams In France
Trams in France date from 1837 when a 15 km steam tram line connected Montrond-les-Bains and Montbrison in the Loire. With the development of electric trams at the end of the 19th century, networks proliferated in French cities over a period of 15 years. Although nearly all of the country's tram systems were replaced by bus services in the 1930s or shortly after the Second World War, France is now in the forefront of the revival of tramways and light rail systems around the globe. Only tram lines in Lille and Saint-Étienne have operated continuously since the 19th century; the Marseille tramway system ran continuously until 2004 and only closed then for 3 years (until 2007) for extensive refurbishment into a modern tram network. Since the opening of the Nantes tramway in 1985, more than twenty towns and cities across France have built new tram lines. As of 2020, there are 29 operational tram networks in France, with 3 more planned. France is also home to Alstom, a leading t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nancy Guided Light Transit
The Nancy Guided Light Transit or TVR is a guided bus system in Nancy, France. The system uses Bombardier's TVR (french: Transport sur Voie Réservée) technology. The TVR replaced the trolleybus system in Nancy. The system will be closed in February 2023, and replaced by trolleybuses. Vehicles The system uses rubber-tyred, three-section articulated vehicles. The vehicles use trolley poles to collect current from parallel overhead lines, and can also run independently without the central guide rail. File:TVR n°7, ligne T1 Gare de Nancy - 2015.JPG, TVR running with Trolley poles File:Tramway Nancy sans-sans.JPG, TVR running without rail History The system was implemented as a replacement for the trolleybus network. Operation of the long line began in 2000. The system had problems with derailing vehicles, as well as heavy wear and tear of the pavement. In 2018, 12 vehicles from Caen were transferred to Nancy for use as spare parts donors. Planned closure and replaceme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubber-tyred Tram
A rubber-tyred tram (also known as tramway on tyres, french: tramway sur pneumatiques) is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires (either via pantograph or trolley poles). Two incompatible systems using physical guide rails exist, the Guided Light Transit (GLT) designed by Bombardier Transportation, and the Translohr from Lohr Industrie (currently made by Alstom and FSI). There are no guide bars at the sides but there is a central guidance rail that differs in design between the systems. In the case of Translohr, this rail is grasped by a pair of metal guide wheels set at 45° to the road and at 90° to each other. In the GLT system, a single double-flanged wheel between the rubber tires follows the guidance rail. In both cases, the weight of the vehicle is borne by rubber tires to which the guide wheels are attached, which make contact with the road on concrete roll wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Gazette International
''Railway Gazette International'' is a monthly business magazine and news website covering the railway, metro, light rail and tram industries worldwide. Available by annual subscription, the magazine is read in over 140 countries by transport professionals and decision makers, railway managers, engineers, consultants and suppliers to the rail industry. A mix of technical, commercial and geographical feature articles, plus the regular monthly news pages, cover developments in all aspects of the rail industry, including infrastructure, operations, rolling stock and signalling. History ''Railway Gazette International'' traces its history to May 1835 as ''The Railway Magazine'', when it was founded by Effingham Wilson. The ''Railway Gazette'' title dates from July 1905, created to cover railway commercial and financial affairs. In April 1914 it merged with ''The Railway Times'', which incorporated '' Herapath's Railway Journal'', and in February 1935 it absorbed the ''Railway Engine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian-German rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, headquartered in Berlin, Germany. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a subsidiary and rail equipment division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021. History 20th century 1970s: Formation and first orders Canadian company Bombardier Inc. entered the rail market in 1970 when it purchased Lohnerwerke GmbH of Austria. Bombardier Transportation's first order for mass transit rolling stock was in 1974 for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spie Batignolles
Spie Batignolles is a French construction company based in Neuilly-sur-Seine. The company provides building and infrastructure construction in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal and Switzerland. Company history Ernest Goüin founded Ernest Goüin & Cie. in 1846. It later became ''Société de Construction des Batignolles'' (SCB). Meanwhile, the ''Société Parisienne pour l’Industrie des Chemins de Fer et des Tramways Electriques'' was founded and became, in 1900 under the directorship of baron Édouard Empain, '' Société Parisienne pour l’Industrie Electrique'' (SPIE). As early as 1954, SPIE acquired part of SCB's capital and in 1968 the two companies merged to form Spie Batignolles. During the 1970s and 1980s, Spie Batignolles acquired several other companies: ''Compagnie Industrielle de Travaux'' (CITRA) in 1972, ''Canalisations Pétrolifères, Aquifères et Gazières'' (CAPAG) in 1977, and ''Travaux Industriels pour l’Electricité'' (TRINDEL) in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouest-France
''Ouest-France'' ( ; French for "West-France") is a daily French newspaper known for its emphasis on both local and national news. The paper is produced in 47 different editions covering events in different French départments within the régions of Brittany, Lower Normandy and Pays de la Loire. Its readership has been unaffected by the decline of newspaper reading in France, unlike most other dailies. With 2.5 million daily readers (and a circulation of almost 800 000 units), it is by far the most read francophone newspaper in the world, ahead of French national newspapers ''Le Figaro'' and ''Le Monde''. History ''Ouest-France'' was founded in 1944 by Adolphe Le Goaziou and others following the closure of ''Ouest-Éclair'', which was banned by Liberation forces for collaborationism during the war.Jean-Loup Avril, ''Mille Bretons, dictionnaire biographique'', Les Portes du Large, Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande, 2003, () It is based in Rennes and Nantes and has a circulation about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caen Tramway
The Caen tramway (french: Tramway de Caen) is a tram in the city of Caen, France. The tram opened on 27 July 2019 and replaced the Caen Guided Light Transit (TVR) that closed in December 2017. The tramway uses the same route as the TVR, with a short new branch to Presqu'île and a with a new tram depot in Fleury-sur-Orne. History The Caen Guided Light Transit (Caen ''TVR)'' opened in 2002 after 3 years of construction. Viacités confirmed on 14 December 2011 its plans to abandon the TVR in favour of a tramway by 2019, due to its unreliability. The conversion to light rail also included the termination of two concession contracts that Keolis and Bombardier-Spie Batignolles consortium STVR hold. In late 2014, the French government pledged €23.3 million towards Caen's light rail conversion project, estimated to cost approximately €230 million. In December 2017, the TVR closed and construction work began. The new tramway opened on 27 July 2019. On 9 March 2021, it was announce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubber-tyred Tramway
A rubber-tyred tram (also known as tramway on tyres, french: tramway sur pneumatiques) is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires (either via pantograph or trolley poles). Two incompatible systems using physical guide rails exist, the Guided Light Transit (GLT) designed by Bombardier Transportation, and the Translohr from Lohr Industrie (currently made by Alstom and FSI). There are no guide bars at the sides but there is a central guidance rail that differs in design between the systems. In the case of Translohr, this rail is grasped by a pair of metal guide wheels set at 45° to the road and at 90° to each other. In the GLT system, a single double-flanged wheel between the rubber tires follows the guidance rail. In both cases, the weight of the vehicle is borne by rubber tires to which the guide wheels are attached, which make contact with the road on concrete roll ways ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jane's Information Group
Jane's Information Group, now styled Janes, is a global open-source intelligence company specialising in military, national security, aerospace and transport topics, whose name derives from British author Fred T. Jane. History Jane's Information Group was founded in 1898 by Fred T. Jane, who had begun sketching ships as an enthusiast naval artist while living in Portsmouth. This gradually developed into an encyclopedic knowledge, culminating in the publishing of ''All the World's Fighting Ships'' (1898). The company then gradually branched out into other areas of military expertise. The books and trade magazines published by the company are often considered the ''de facto'' public source of information on warfare and transportation systems. Based in Greater London for most of its existence, the group was owned by the Thomson Corporation, The Woodbridge Company, then IHS Markit, before being acquired by Montagu Private Equity in 2019. Description The company name is officially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
