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Ținutul Nistru
Ținutul Nistru was one of the ten ''ținuturi'' ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King of Romania, King Carol II of Romania, Carol II, initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution of Romania, 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. It comprised most of Bessarabia (including parts of the Budjak), and its name was derived from the Dniester River. Its capital was the city of Chișinău. ''Ținutul Nistru'' ceased to exist ''de facto'' following the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, territorial losses of Romania to the Soviet Union in June 1940, while all authorities moved to Iași until the ''de jure'' dissolution of the land, on 22 September 1940. Coat of arms The Coat of Arms is party per pale. The Dexter and sinister, dexter consists of a gules field bearing an argent castle (probably depicting the citadel of Cetatea Albă) over waves argent and Azure (heraldry), azure (standing for either the Black Sea or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Countries Of The World
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 member states of the United Nations, UN member states, two United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers, UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and ten other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are six UN member states, one UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and eight de facto states), and states having a political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, special political status (two states, both in associated state, free association with New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Occupation Of Bessarabia And Northern Bukovina
Between 28 June and 3 July 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, following an ultimatum made to Romania on 26 June 1940 that threatened the use of force. Those regions, with a total area of and a population of 3,776,309 inhabitants, were incorporated into the Soviet Union. On 26 October 1940, six Romanian islands on the Chilia branch of the Danube, with an area of , were also occupied by the Soviet Army. The Soviet Union had planned to accomplish the annexation with a full-scale invasion, but the Romanian government, responding to the Soviet ultimatum delivered on 26 June, agreed to withdraw from the territories to avoid a military conflict. The use of force had been made illegal by the Conventions for the Definition of Aggression in July 1933, but from an international legal standpoint, the new status of the annexed territories was eventually based on a formal agreement through which Romania consented to the retrocession of Bessarabia and cession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Moldova
The history of Moldova spans Prehistory, prehistoric cultures, Ancient history, ancient and Medieval history, medieval empires, and periods of foreign rule and modern independence. Evidence of human habitation dates back 800,000–1.2 million years, with significant developments in agriculture, pottery, and settlement during the Neolithic and Bronze Age, Bronze Ages. In Classical antiquity, antiquity, Moldova's location made it a crossroads for invasions by the Scythians, Goths, Huns, and other tribes, followed by periods of Roman Empire, Roman and Byzantine Empire, Byzantine control. The medieval Principality of Moldavia founding of Moldavia, emerged in the 1350s, and was the medieval precursor of modern Moldova and Romania. It reached prominence under rulers like Stephen the Great before becoming a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire from 1538, until the 19th century. In 1812, following Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), one of several Russian–Turkish wars, the eastern half of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Administrative Divisions Of Romania
The 41 județe () and the municipality of Bucharest comprise the official administrative divisions of Romania. They also represent the European Union' s Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS-3 geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania. Overview The earliest organization into ''județe'' of the Principalities of Wallachia, respectively ''ținuturi'' of Moldavia, dates back at least to the late 14th century. Each ''județ'', respectively ''ținut'', was ruled by a ''jude'', respectively ''Burgrave, pârcălab'', an officially appointed person who had administrative and judicial functions in a manner inspired from the organization of the late Byzantine Empire. Transylvania, when it was part of the historic Kingdom of Hungary (in the Middle Ages), an Principality of Transylvania (1571–1711), independent Principality or a Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg domain (in the modern era until World War I) was divided into Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), royal counties (La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Romania
Greater Romania () is the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period, achieved after the Great Union or the related pan-nationalist ideal of a nation-state which would incorporate all Romanian speakers.Irina LivezeanuCultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building & Ethnic Struggle, 1918-1930 Cornell University Press, 2000, p. 4 and p. 302 In 1920, after the incorporation of Transylvania, Bukovina, Bessarabia and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș, the Romanian state reached its largest peacetime geographical extent (295,049 km2). Today, the concept serves as a guiding principle for the unification of Moldova and Romania. The idea is comparable to other similar conceptions such as Greater Bulgaria, Megali Idea, Greater Yugoslavia, Greater Hungary and Greater Italy. Ideology The theme of national identity had been always a key concern for Romanian culture and politics. The Romanian national ideology in the first decades of the twentieth cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counties Of Romania
A total of 41 counties (), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania. They represent the country's NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – Level 3) statistical subdivisions within the European Union and each of them serves as the local level of government within its borders. Most counties are named after a major river, while some are named after notable cities within them, such as the county seat. The earliest organization into ''județe'' of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia (where they were termed ''ținuturi'') dates back to at least the late 14th century. For most of the time since modern Romania was formed in 1859, the administrative division system has been similar to that of the French departments. The system has since changed several times and the number of counties has varied over time, from the 71 ''județe'' that existed before World War II to only 39 after 1968. The curr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fess
In heraldry, a fess or fesse (from Middle English ', Old French ', and -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... ', and charge on a coat of arms">Latin ', "band") is a Charge (heraldry)">charge on a coat of arms (or flag) that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the centre of the Escutcheon (heraldry), shield.Woodcock & Robinson (1988), ''Oxford Guide to Heraldry'', p. 60. Writers disagree in how much of the shield's surface is to be covered by a fess or other ordinary, ranging from one-fifth to one-third. The ''Oxford Guide to Heraldry'' states that earlier writers including Leigh, Holme, and Guillim favour one-third, while later writers such as Edmondson favour one-fifth "on the grounds that a bend, pale, or chevron occupying one-third of the field makes the coat look clumsy and disagreeable."Woodcock & Robinson (1988), ''Oxford Guide to Heraldry'', p. 58. A fess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia (country), Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is Inflow (hydrology), supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. The Black Sea, not including the Sea of Azov, covers , has a maximum depth of , and a volume of . Most of its coasts ascend rapidly. These rises are the Pontic Mountains to the south, bar the southwest-facing peninsulas, the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and the Crimean Mountains to the mid-north. In the west, the coast is generally small floodplains below foothills such as the Strandzha; Cape Emine, a dwindling of the east end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azure (heraldry)
In heraldry, azure ( , ) is the tincture (heraldry), tincture with the colour azure (color), blue, and belongs to the class of tinctures called "colours". In engraving, it is sometimes depicted as a region of horizontal lines or else is marked with either az. or b. as an abbreviation. The term azure shares its origin with the Spanish word "azul", which refers to the same color, deriving from Hispanic Arabic ''lāzaward'', the name of the deep blue stone now called lapis lazuli. The word was adopted into Old French by the 12th century, after which the word passed into use in the blazon of coat of arms, coats of arms. As a heraldic colour, the word azure means "blue", and reflects the name for the colour in the Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Norman dialect spoken by French-speaking Norman nobles following the Norman Conquest of England. A wide range of colour values is used in the depiction of azure in armory and flags, but in common usage it is often referred to simply as "blue". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetatea Albă
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (, ; ; ), historically known as Aq Kirmān () or by other names, is a port city in Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It is situated on the right bank of the Dniester Estuary leading to the Black Sea, in the historical region of Budjak. It also serves as the administrative center of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion and is coterminous with ''Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi urban hromada'', one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is the location of a large freight seaport. Population: Name The city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is also referred to by alternative transliterations from Ukrainian as Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky. ''Dnistrovskyi'' was added to differentiate it from Belgorod (in Ukrainian Bilhorod), a city in Russia, when both were a part of the Soviet Union. ;Previous names * Ophiussa (Οφιούσσα), Phoenician colony (meaning "city of snakes" in Greek) * Tyras (Τύρας), Ancient Greek colony (also the Greek name for the River Dniester) * Turis, Antes name * Asp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argent
In heraldry, argent () is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it. In engravings and line drawings, regions to be tinctured ''argent'' are either left blank, or indicated with the abbreviation ''ar''. The name derives from Latin ''argentum'', translated as "silver" or "white metal". The word ''argent'' had the same meaning in Old French ''blazon'', whence it passed into the English language. In some historical depictions of coats of arms, a kind of silver leaf was applied to those parts of the device that were argent. Over time, the silver content of these depictions has tarnished and darkened. As a result, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish regions that were intended as "argent" from those that were " sable". This leaves a false impression that the rule of tincture has been violated in cases where, when applied next to a dark colour, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gules
In heraldry, gules () is the tincture with the colour red. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green) and purpure (purple). Gules is portrayed in heraldic hatching by vertical lines, or indicated by the abbreviation g. or gu. when a coat of arms is tricked. Etymology The term ''gules'' derives from the Middle English ''goules'', which itself is an Old French word meaning "neckpiece made of red fur". ''Goules'' is derived from the Old French ''gole'' or ''guele'', both of which mean "throat", which are ultimately derived from the Latin ''gula'', also meaning "throat". Gules is similar to the English word ''gullet''. Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A. C. Fox-Davies states that the term originates from the Persian language, Persian word , meaning "rose", but according to Brault there is no evidence to support this derivation. The modern French spelling of the tincture is ''gueules''. Both ''gules'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
