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Willisornis
''Willisornis'' is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. These small, strongly sexually dichromatic birds are native to the Guianas and Amazon rainforest in South America, and often follow army ants. Taxonomy The genus ''Willisornis'' was erected by the Brazilian ornithologists Carlos Agne and José Fernando Pacheco in 2007. The genus is named after the American ornithologist Edwin O'Neill Willis. The common scale-backed antbird had traditionally been included in the genus ''Hylophylax'', but is now known to belong to a different clade. The name ''Dichropogon'' was used briefly instead, but this name is preoccupied by a genus of asilid flies (''Dichropogon'' Bezzi, 1910). The two species are: * Common scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis poecilonotus'') * Xingu scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis vidua'') The two species were previously considered conspecific Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xingu Scale-backed Antbird
The Xingu scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis vidua'') is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil. Taxonomy and systematics What is now the Xingu scale-backed antbird was long considered a subspecies of ''Willisornis poecilinotus'', which at the time was called the scale-backed antbird. When the Xingu scale-backed antbird was recognized as a separate species, the reduced ''W. poecilinotus'' was renamed the common scale-backed antbird. Even before the split the species had a complicated taxonomic history, being variously assigned to genera ''Hypocnemis'', ''Hylophylax'', and ''Dichropogon'' before the current ''Willisornis'' was created for it. It was described and illustrated by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1847 and given the binomial name ''Hypocnemis poecilinotus''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Scale-backed Antbird
The common scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis poecilinotus'') is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The common scale-backed antbird has a complicated taxonomic history. It was described and illustrated by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1847 and given the binomial name ''Hypocnemis poecilinotus''. The specific epithet is from the Ancient Greek ''poikilonōtos'' "with variegated back" (from ''poikilos'' "spotted" and ''nōton'' "back"). It was subsequently included in the genus ''Hylophylax'', but was found to not be closely related to the other species in the genus and then was briefly placed in genus ''Dichropogon''. This name is preoccupied by a genus of asilid flies (''Dichropogon'' Bezzi, 1910) so the current genus ''Willisornis'' was created for it. The common sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Scale-backed Antbird
The common scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis poecilinotus'') is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The common scale-backed antbird has a complicated taxonomic history. It was described and illustrated by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1847 and given the binomial name ''Hypocnemis poecilinotus''. The specific epithet is from the Ancient Greek ''poikilonōtos'' "with variegated back" (from ''poikilos'' "spotted" and ''nōton'' "back"). It was subsequently included in the genus ''Hylophylax'', but was found to not be closely related to the other species in the genus and then was briefly placed in genus ''Dichropogon''. This name is preoccupied by a genus of asilid flies (''Dichropogon'' Bezzi, 1910) so the current genus ''Willisornis'' was created for it. The common sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willisornis
''Willisornis'' is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. These small, strongly sexually dichromatic birds are native to the Guianas and Amazon rainforest in South America, and often follow army ants. Taxonomy The genus ''Willisornis'' was erected by the Brazilian ornithologists Carlos Agne and José Fernando Pacheco in 2007. The genus is named after the American ornithologist Edwin O'Neill Willis. The common scale-backed antbird had traditionally been included in the genus ''Hylophylax'', but is now known to belong to a different clade. The name ''Dichropogon'' was used briefly instead, but this name is preoccupied by a genus of asilid flies (''Dichropogon'' Bezzi, 1910). The two species are: * Common scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis poecilonotus'') * Xingu scale-backed antbird (''Willisornis vidua'') The two species were previously considered conspecific Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylophylax
''Hylophylax'' is a genus of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. The genus ''Hylophylax'' was erected by the American ornithologist Robert Ridgway in 1909 with the spotted antbird as the type species. It contains three species: * Spotted antbird The spotted antbird (''Hylophylax naevioides'') is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. In southern Central America, it is found in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama; also Colombia and Ecuador of northwestern South America. It ..., ''Hylophylax naevioides'' * Spot-backed antbird, ''Hylophylax naevius'' * Dot-backed antbird, ''Hylophylax punctulatus'' The common scale-backed antbird was formerly included in ''Hylophylax''. A molecular study found that it was not closely related to the other species and it was therefore moved to a newly erected genus '' Willisornis''. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin O'Neill Willis
Edwin O'Neill Willis (18 January 1935 – 11 April 2015) was an American ornithologist who studied the birds of Central and South America. Biography Willis was born on 18 January 1935, the son of Andrew Nelson Willis and Verna Fleming. He was raised on a farm in Russellville, Alabama. Willis was interested in birds from an early age and published his first article in 1949 when he was 14 years old. He graduated with a BSc. in biology from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, Virginia in 1956 and then moved to Louisiana State University where he obtained his master's degree two years later. His dissertation was on ''The foraging behavior of ant-tanagers in British Honduras''. He was awarded a doctorate in zoology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964. His dissertation on ''The Behavior of Bicolored Antbirds'' was published by the university as a monograph. He then held a postdoctoral position at the American Museum of Natural History for a year. Willis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon rainforest, Amazon jungle or ; es, Selva amazónica, , or usually ; french: Forêt amazonienne; nl, Amazoneregenwoud. In English, the names are sometimes capitalized further, as Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Forest, or Amazon Jungle. or Amazonia is a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses , of which are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged Indigenous territory (Brazil), indigenous territories. The majority of the forest is contained Amazônia Legal, within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peruvian Amazonia, Peru with 13%, Amazon natural region, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas (other), Amazonas" as the name of one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island ( dependency of Norway), Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant-follower
Ant followers are birds that feed by following swarms of army ants and take prey flushed by those ants. The best-known ant-followers are 18 species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae, but other families of birds may follow ants, including thrushes, chats, ant-tanagers, cuckoos, motmots, and woodcreepers. Ant followers may be obligate, meaning that they derive most of their diet by following ant swarms, or non-obligate, meaning they derive only some of their diet from this behaviour. Some species may feed extensively at ant swarms yet may not be obligate ant followers, being able to and regularly feeding away from the swarms as well. Many species of tropical ants form large raiding swarms, but the swarms are often nocturnal or raid underground. While birds visit these swarms when they occur, the species most commonly attended by birds is the Neotropical species ''Eciton burchellii'', which is both diurnal and surface-raiding. It was once thought that attending birds were a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guianas
The Guianas, sometimes called by the Spanish loan-word ''Guayanas'' (''Las Guayanas''), is a region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories: * French Guiana, an overseas department and region of France * Guyana, formerly known as British Guiana from 1831 until 1966, after the colonies of Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara, taken from the Netherlands in 1814, were merged into a single colony * Suriname, formerly Dutch Guiana, until 1814 together with Berbice, Essequibo and Demerara In the wider context, the Guianas also includes the following two territories: * Guayana Region in eastern Venezuela ( Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro states), formerly the Guayana Province, alternatively known as Spanish Guayana * State of Amapá in northern Brazil, known as Portuguese Guiana (or Brazilian Guiana) History Pre-colonial period Before the arrival of European colonials, the Guianas were populated by scattered bands of native Arawak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
