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Telecommunications In Sri Lanka
Telecommunications in Sri Lanka commenced in 1858 after the first telegraphic circuit between Colombo and Galle was commenced. The sector continues to grow in the modern times. Telephone Landlines in use: 3,838,291 (December, 2021) Mobile Phones in use: 30,824,128 (December, 2021) * Teledensity (Fixed Phones per 100 inhabitants) : 12.9 (December, 2021) * Mobile Subscription per 100 people : 135 (December, 2021) Telephone Network Excellent domestic service in urban and semi urban areas. Inadequate service in rural and remote areas (2010), good international service (2010). The latest trend is the Fixed 4G LTE and 5G technologies, because of this technology many Sri Lankans who live in rural and remote areas can now access a good telephone and broadband internet service. Domestic The national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay and fiber-optic links are now in use in the Colombo City and all major cities and towns International Two submarine cables t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4G LTE
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. Because LTE frequencies and bands differ from country to country, only multi-band phones can use LTE in all countries where it is supported. The standard is developed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and is specified in its Release 8 document series, with minor enhancements described in Release 9. LTE is also called 3.95G and has been marketed as "4G LTE" and "Advanced 4G"; but it does not meet the technical criteria of a 4G wireless service, as specified in the 3GPP Release 8 and 9 document series for LTE Advanced. The requirements were set forth by the ITU-R organisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airtel Sri Lanka
Airtel ( si, එයාටෙල්, ta, ஏர்டெல்) is the brand name of mobile network operator, Bharti Airtel Lanka (Pvt) Ltd, the Sri Lankan subsidiary of Indian multinational telecommunications company Bharti Airtel. The company was awarded a mobile phone operator license in 2006 and was scheduled to start operations in early 2007, however the company didn't commence services until 12 January 2009. with approximately 2.9 million subscribers of the Sri Lankan mobile market as of March 2022 Network data *MNC: 413 05 *Operator code: 075 History Bharti Airtel Lanka (Pvt) Ltd is a subsidiary of Bharti Airtel Limited, the Second largest mobile operator in the world, with over 480 million mobile customers as of September 2020. Bharti Airtel has been featured in Forbes Asia's Fab 50 list, rated amongst the best performing companies in the world in the BusinessWeek IT 100 list 2007, and voted as India's most innovative company in a survey by ''The Wall Street Journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Moratuwa
(''Vidyaayev Sharvadhanam'') , motto_lang = Sanskrit , mottoeng = Wisdom is all Wealth , established = , type = Public , chancellor = K. K. Y. W. Perera , vice_chancellor = N. D. Gunawardena , location = Katubedda, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka , students = 10,000+ , undergrad = 7,000 , postgrad = 2,500 , academic_staff = 500 , administrative_staff = 800 , nickname = Mora , campus = Urban - , website = , accreditation = University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka) , affiliations = * University Grants Commission *Association of Commonwealth Universities *International Association of Universities *Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors *RIBA * Institution of Engineers Australia *Institution of Engineering and Technology , former_names = Katubedda Campus of University of Ceylon The University of Moratuwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanka Education And Research Network
The Lanka Education and Research Network (LEARN), formerly the Lanka Experimental Academic and Research Network, is a specialized internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within Sri Lanka. The history of the internet in Sri Lanka began with the initial proposal of the 'Lankan Experimental Academic and Research Network' (LEARN) to Sri Lankan government in 1989 by Prof. Abhaya Induruwa. In 1990 the LEARNmail was initiated and the first message was sent over LEARN was from the University of Moratuwa to the University of Colombo. In 1994, wireless links were used to create first Internet Protocol / Wide area network (IP/WAN) in Sri Lanka between University of Colombo, University of Moratuwa and Open University of Sri Lanka. Based on a proposal submitted in 1992 to Sri Lankan government, LEARN connected to the internet in 1995 opening doors to the Internet era in Sri Lanka Today LEARN as the National Research and Education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hutch (Sri Lanka)
Hutchison Telecommunications Lanka (Pvt) Ltd, d.b.a. Hutch ( si, හච්, ta, ஹட்ச்) is a Sri Lankan telecommunication service provider and the country's third largest mobile network operator, with approximately 4.2 million subscribers of the Sri Lankan mobile market as of June 2021. Hutch is a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings Limited which owns 85% controlling stake of the company while the rest is held by Emirates Telecommunication Group Company PJSC. Initially it was called as "CallLink" and was the second mobile operator in Sri Lanka. Hutchison acquired its services in 1998 with the aim of being a nationwide operator in Sri Lanka. , Hutch has a network coverage of approximately 90% of the entire island. Hutch announced that they acquired Etisalat on 30-November, 2018. Hutchison Telecom Lanka is a member of Hutchison Asia Telecom which comprises mobile telecommunications operations in the emerging markets of Indonesia, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka. Hutchison Asia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VoWiFi
Mobile VoIP or simply mVoIP is an extension of mobility to a voice over IP network. Two types of communication are generally supported: cordless telephones using DECT or PCS protocols for short range or campus communications where all base stations are linked into the same LAN, and wider area communications using 3G or 4G protocols. There are several methodologies that allow a mobile handset to be integrated into a VoIP network. One implementation turns the mobile device into a standard SIP client, which then uses a data network to send and receive SIP messaging, and to send and receive RTP for the voice path. This methodology of turning a mobile handset into a standard SIP client requires that the mobile handset support, at minimum, high speed IP communications. In this application, standard VoIP protocols (typically SIP) are used over any broadband IP-capable wireless network connection such as EVDO rev A (which is symmetrical high speed — both high speed up and down), HS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LTE Advanced
LTE Advanced (LTE+) is a mobile communication standard and a major enhancement of the LTE (telecommunication), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. It was formally submitted as a candidate 4G to ITU-T in late 2009 as meeting the requirements of the IMT-Advanced standard, and was standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in March 2011 as 3GPP Release 10. The LTE+ format was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan and has been adopted as the international standard. LTE standardization has matured to a state where changes in the specification are limited to corrections and bug fixes. The first commercial services were launched in Sweden and Norway in December 2009 followed by the United States and Japan in 2010. More LTE networks were deployed globally during 2010 as a natural evolution of several 2G and 3G systems, including Global system for mobile communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in the 3GPP family as well as CDMA2000 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UMTS
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunication Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology. UMTS uses wideband code-division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators. UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes the radio access network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, or UTRAN), the core network (Mobile Application Part, or MAP) and the authentication of users via SIM (subscriber identity module) cards. The technology described in UMTS is sometimes also referred to as Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) or 3GSM. Unlike EDGE (IMT Single-Carrier, based on GSM) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Over LTE
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) is an LTE high-speed wireless communication standard for mobile phones and data terminals, including Internet of things (IoT) devices and wearables. VoLTE has up to three times more voice and data capacity than older 3G UMTS and up to six times more than 2G GSM. It uses less bandwidth because VoLTE's packet headers are smaller than those of unoptimized VoIP/LTE. VoLTE calls are usually charged at the same rate as other calls. To be able to make a VoLTE call, the device, its firmware, and the mobile telephone provider must all implement the service in the area, and be able to work together. VoLTE has been marketed as HD Voice by some carriers, but this is not the same as the VoLTE standard. Moreover, HD+ (EVS) is what actually is used only in LTE; HD Voice was available in 3G too. Overview VoLTE is based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architectural framework, with specific profiles for control and media planes of voice service. This facilitates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frequency Division Duplexing
A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two or more connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for simultaneous communication in both directions between two connected parties or to provide a reverse path for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field. There are two types of duplex communication systems: full-duplex (FDX) and half-duplex (HDX). In a full-duplex system, both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously. An example of a full-duplex device is plain old telephone service; the parties at both ends of a call can speak and be heard by the other party simultaneously. The earphone reproduces the speech of the remote party as the microphone transmits the speech of the local party. There is a two-way communication channel between them, or more strictly speaking, there are two communication channel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DC-HSPA+
Evolved High Speed Packet Access, HSPA+, HSPA (Plus) or HSPAP, is a technical standard for wireless broadband telecommunication. It is the second phase of HSPA which has been introduced in 3GPP release 7 and being further improved in later 3GPP releases. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s. It introduces antenna array technologies such as beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output communications (MIMO). Beam forming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam towards the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas at the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5 MHz carriers. HSPA+ is an evolution of HSPA that upgrades the existing 3G network and provides a method for telecom operators to migrate towards 4G speeds that are more comparable to the initially available speeds of newer LTE networks without deploying a new radio interface. HSPA+ should n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolved High Speed Packet Access
Evolved High Speed Packet Access, HSPA+, HSPA (Plus) or HSPAP, is a technical standard for wireless broadband telecommunication. It is the second phase of HSPA which has been introduced in 3GPP release 7 and being further improved in later 3GPP releases. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s. It introduces antenna array technologies such as beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output communications (MIMO). Beam forming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam towards the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas at the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5 MHz carriers. HSPA+ is an evolution of HSPA that upgrades the existing 3G network and provides a method for telecom operators to migrate towards 4G speeds that are more comparable to the initially available speeds of newer LTE networks without deploying a new radio interface. HSPA+ should n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
