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Stemonaceae
The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. One native species is found in the United States. In earlier systems the family was called Roxburghiaceae, after ''Roxburghia'', now ''Stemona''. Description The stems may be erect or trailing, green or yellow-green, or sometimes reddish. Leaves are dark green and also alternate in the majority of the members. Flowers are borne in short cymes, arising from the lower parts of the plant. Seeds are ellipsoidal or globular in shape. As in other members of the Pandanales, the flower morphology in the Stemonaceae is distinctive and rather atypical for monocots, whose floral anatomy is three-parted (trimerous). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where they are in a sister group relationship with the Dioscoreales. Historically the order has consisted of a number of different families in different systems but modern classification of the order is based primarily on molecular phylogenetics despite diverse morphology which previously placed many of the families in other groupings based on apparent similarity. Members of the order have a subtropical distribution and includes trees, shrubs, and vines as well as herbaceous plants. The order consists of 5 families, 36 genera and about 1,610 species. Description Pandanales are highly diverse including large arboraceous plants of tropical rainforests and coastal areas, climbing vines and lianas, as well as very small achlorophyllous (m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stichoneuron
''Stichoneuron'' is a genus in the family Stemonaceae erected in 1883. ''Stichoneuron'' is native to Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia.Inthachub, P., Vajrodaya, S. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2009). Review of the genus ''Stichoneuron'' (Stemonaceae). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66: 213-228. ; Species * '' Stichoneuron bognerianum'' Duyfjes - Johor * '' Stichoneuron calcicola'' Inthachub - southern Thailand * '' Stichoneuron caudatum'' Ridl. - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia * '' Stichoneuron halabalense'' Inthachub - southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia * '' Stichoneuron membranaceum'' Hook.f. - Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ... References Pandanales genera Stemonaceae Taxa named by Joseph Dalton Hooker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croomia
''Croomia'' is a genus of primitive angiosperm herbs in the Stemonaceae family, first described as a genus in 1840. Taxonomy Once included in its own family, Croomiaceae, ''Croomia'' has also previously been included in Dioscoreaceae. Subdivision About six species. * '' Croomia heterosepala'' (Baker) Okuyama - Japan * '' Croomia hyugaensis'' Kadota & Mas.Saito - Kyushu * '' Croomia japonica'' Miq. - Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chugoku, Kyushu * '' Croomia kinoshitae'' Kadota - Shikoku * '' Croomia pauciflora'' (Nutt.) Torr. - United States ( FL GA AL LA) * '' Croomia saitoana'' Kadota - Kyushu is the third-largest island of Japan's Japanese archipelago, four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa Island, Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Ryukyu Islands, Islands ... Distribution and habitat ''Croomia'' is native to China, Japan, and the southeastern United States. The plants grow in moi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentastemona
''Pentastemona'' is a genus in the family Stemonaceae, described as a genus in 1982. In 1992, Duyfjes placed the genus in its own family, the Pentastemonaceae, but this is not widely accepted. The entire genus is endemic to the Island of Sumatra in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... ; Species * '' Pentastemona egregia'' (Schott) Steenis * '' Pentastemona sumatrana'' Steenis References Pandanales genera Endemic flora of Sumatra Stemonaceae {{Pandanales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stemona
''Stemona'' is a genus of vines and subshrubs in the family Stemonaceae, described as a genus in 1790. ''Stemona'' is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and northern Australia. Species Fossil record 2 fossil seeds of †''Stemona germanica'' from the early Miocene, have been found in the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, the Czech Republic. Fossil seeds of ''Stemona germanica'' have also been recorded from the nearby Hartau in Germany. ''Stemona'' fossil seeds are recorded from many European sites ranging in ages from the Maastrichtian to the Late Miocene. Cultivation and uses ''Stemona tuberosa'' (Chinese: 百部; pinyin: bǎi bù), is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Stemofoline alkaloids occur in the stems and leaves of ''Stemona'' species, particularly ''S. japonica'' and have been investigated for use as pharmacological and pesticidal compounds. The chemical structure of the insect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croomia Heterosepala
''Croomia'' is a genus of primitive angiosperm herbs in the Stemonaceae family, first described as a genus in 1840. Taxonomy Once included in its own family, Croomiaceae, ''Croomia'' has also previously been included in Dioscoreaceae. Subdivision About six species. * '' Croomia heterosepala'' (Baker) Okuyama - Japan * '' Croomia hyugaensis'' Kadota & Mas.Saito - Kyushu * '' Croomia japonica'' Miq. - Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chugoku, Kyushu * '' Croomia kinoshitae'' Kadota - Shikoku * '' Croomia pauciflora'' (Nutt.) Torr. - United States ( FL GA AL LA) * '' Croomia saitoana'' Kadota - Kyushu is the third-largest island of Japan's Japanese archipelago, four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa Island, Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Ryukyu Islands, Islands ... Distribution and habitat ''Croomia'' is native to China, Japan, and the southeastern United States. The plants grow in moi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodoro Caruel
Théodore (Teodoro) Caruel (27 June 1830 – 4 December 1898) was an Italian botanist of French-English parentage who specialized in flora of Tuscany. He was born in Chandernagor, a French colonial enclave north of Calcutta, where his father served as a French official. At the age of 15, he moved with his family to Florence, where soon afterwards, he developed an interest in natural sciences, in particular, flora native to Tuscany. In 1858 he began work as an assistant to Filippo Parlatore, and within a few years was given the title of coadjutor. With Parlatore, he conducted research at the '' Orto Botanico di Firenze'' (botanic museum of Florence) and worked on the development of the Florence herbarium.Google Books Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, Volume 37 edited by Berthold Seemann [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and Shoot (botany), shoots from its Node (botany), nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow horizontally. The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots to grow upwards. A rhizome is the main stem of the plant that runs typically underground and horizontally to the soil surface. Rhizomes have nodes and internodes and auxiliary buds. Roots do not have nodes and internodes and have a root cap terminating their ends. In general, rhizomes have short internodes, send out roots from the bottom of the nodes, and generate new upward-growing shoots from the top of the nodes. A stolon is similar to a rhizome, but stolon sprouts from an existing stem having long internodes and generating new shoots at the ends, they are often also called runners such as in the strawberry plant. A stem tuber is a thickene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diptera
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing more than 150,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies, mosquitoes and others. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great manoeuvrability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the larval food-source and the larvae, which lack true ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female carpel, stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains. Insects are the major pollinators of most plants, and insect pollinators include all families of bees and most families of Aculeata, aculeate wasps; ants; many families of flies; many lepidopterans (both butterflies and moths); and many families of beetles. Vertebrates, mainly bats and birds, but also some non-bat mammals (monkeys, lemurs, Phalangeriformes, possums, rodents) and some lizards pollinate certain plants. Among the pollinating birds are hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds with long beaks; they pollinate a number of deep-throated flowers. Humans may also carry out artificial pollination. A pollinator is different from a pollenizer, a plant that is a source of pollen for the pollination process. Background Plants fall into pollination s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ninth and longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin , 'chalk', which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation . The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high Sea level#Local and eustatic, eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow Inland sea (geology), inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now-extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was largely ice-free, although there is some evidence of brief periods of glaciation during the cooler first half, and forests extended to the poles. Many of the dominant taxonomic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
