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Quassinoids
Quassinoids are degraded triterpene lactones (similar to limonoids) of the Simaroubaceae plant family grouped into C-18, C-19, C-20, C-22 and C-25 types. The prototypical member of the group, quassin, was first described in the 19th century from plants of the genus ''Quassia'' from which it gets its name. It was isolated in 1937 and its structure elucidated in 1961. They are a biologically potent class of natural products, possessing antimalarial, antifeedant, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The quassinoid bruceantin reached two separate phase II clinical trials in 1982 and 1983. Other quassinoids include: * Bruceanols * Bruceolide * Eurycomanone Eurycomanone is a chemical compound that has been isolated from ''Eurycoma longifolia'', also known as the longjack plant or tongkat ali. Mechanism of action Eurycomanone is thought to be central to the sex-hormone increasing effects of ''Euryc ... * Gutolactone * Isobrucein A * Neoquassin * Nigakihe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quassinoids
Quassinoids are degraded triterpene lactones (similar to limonoids) of the Simaroubaceae plant family grouped into C-18, C-19, C-20, C-22 and C-25 types. The prototypical member of the group, quassin, was first described in the 19th century from plants of the genus ''Quassia'' from which it gets its name. It was isolated in 1937 and its structure elucidated in 1961. They are a biologically potent class of natural products, possessing antimalarial, antifeedant, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The quassinoid bruceantin reached two separate phase II clinical trials in 1982 and 1983. Other quassinoids include: * Bruceanols * Bruceolide * Eurycomanone Eurycomanone is a chemical compound that has been isolated from ''Eurycoma longifolia'', also known as the longjack plant or tongkat ali. Mechanism of action Eurycomanone is thought to be central to the sex-hormone increasing effects of ''Euryc ... * Gutolactone * Isobrucein A * Neoquassin * Nigakihe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruceanol
Bruceanol A-H Bruceanols are quassinoid Quassinoids are degraded triterpene lactones (similar to limonoids) of the Simaroubaceae plant family grouped into C-18, C-19, C-20, C-22 and C-25 types. The prototypical member of the group, quassin, was first described in the 19th century from ...s isolated from '' Brucea antidysenterica''. Bruceanols * Bruceanol A * Bruceanol B * Bruceanol C * Bruceanol D * Bruceanol E * Bruceanol F * Bruceanol G * Bruceanol H References Quassinoids {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gutolactone
Gutolactone is a chemical compound extracted from '' Simaba guianensis'' and it has displayed antimalarial properties ''in vitro ''In vitro'' (meaning in glass, or ''in the glass'') studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology an ...''. References Quassinoids {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruceolide
Bruceolide is a quassinoid that has been isolated from '' Bischofia javanica''. Synthetic derivatives have shown ''in vitro ''In vitro'' (meaning in glass, or ''in the glass'') studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology an ...'' antimalarial activity. References Quassinoids {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quassin Test ACS
Quassin is a white, bitter, crystalline substance that is the prototypical example of the family of quassinoids. It can be extracted from the quassia tree, from which it gets its name. It was first isolated in 1937 and its chemical structure was elucidated in 1961. It is one of the most bitter substances found in nature, with a bitter threshold of 0.08 ppm and it is 50 times more bitter than quinine.Scientific Committee on FooOpinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on quassin (expressed on 2 July 2002). SCF/CS/FLAV/FLAVOUR/29 Final Extracts of the bitterwood tree (''Quassia amara'') containing quassin are used as additives in soft drinks. Although its skeleton possesses 20 carbon atoms, quassin is not a diterpene but rather a triterpene lactone Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure (), or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quassin
Quassin is a white, bitter, crystalline substance that is the prototypical example of the family of quassinoids. It can be extracted from the quassia tree, from which it gets its name. It was first isolated in 1937 and its chemical structure was elucidated in 1961. It is one of the most bitter substances found in nature, with a bitter threshold of 0.08 ppm and it is 50 times more bitter than quinine.Scientific Committee on FooOpinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on quassin (expressed on 2 July 2002). SCF/CS/FLAV/FLAVOUR/29 Final Extracts of the bitterwood tree (''Quassia amara'') containing quassin are used as additives in soft drinks. Although its skeleton possesses 20 carbon atoms, quassin is not a diterpene but rather a triterpene lactone Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure (), or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycomanone
Eurycomanone is a chemical compound that has been isolated from ''Eurycoma longifolia'', also known as the longjack plant or tongkat ali. Mechanism of action Eurycomanone is thought to be central to the sex-hormone increasing effects of ''Eurycoma longifolia'' supplementation. In vitro, eurycomanone has been shown to enhance testosterone steroidogenesis through its inhibitory effects on aromatase, presumably causing testosterone production to increase to restore downstream estrogen homeostasis. As of November 2022, there are no studies investigating the effects of isolated Eurycomanone in human subjects. However, studies investigating the effects supplementation with ''Eurycoma longifolia'' in human subjects have observed increases in free and total testosterone, with some studies showing increases or no changes in estradiol, luteinizing hormone, sex binding hormone globulin and follicle-stimulating hormone in both healthy and hypogonadism Hypogonadism means diminished funct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quassia
''Quassia'' ( or ) is a plant genus in the family Simaroubaceae. Its size is disputed; some botanists treat it as consisting of only one species, ''Quassia amara'' from tropical South America, while others treat it in a wide circumscription as a pantropical genus containing up to 40 species of trees and shrubs. The genus was named after a former slave from Suriname, Graman Quassi in the eighteenth century. He discovered the medicinal properties of the bark of ''Quassia amara''. Distribution Members of the genus are found in the Tropics throughout the world. Countries and regions where species are native include: Andaman Islands, Angola, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, North and Northeast Brazil, Burkina, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Laos, L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simaroubaceae
The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family. Together with chemical characteristics such as the occurrence of petroselinic acid in ''Picrasma'', in contrast to other members of the family such as ''Ailanthus'', this indicates the existence of a subgroup in the family with ''Picrasma'', ''Holacantha'', and ''Castela''. The best-known species is the temperate Chinese tree-of-heaven ''Ailanthus altissima'', which has become a cosmopolitan weed tree of urban areas and wildlands. Well-known genera in the family include the tropical ''Quassia'' and ''Simarouba ''Simarouba'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Simaroubaceae, native to the neotropics. It has been grouped in the subtribe Simaroubina along with the ''Simaba'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triterpene
Triterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of three terpene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of six isoprene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids. Structures Triterpenes exist in a great variety of structures. Nearly 200 different skeletons have been identified. These skeletons may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present. In general pentacyclic structures (5 rings) tend to dominate. Squalene is biosynthesized through the head-to-head condensation of two farnesyl pyrophosphate units. This coupling converts a pair of C15 components into a C30 product. Squalene serves as precursor for the formation of many triterpenoids, including bacterial hopanoids and eukaryotic sterols. Triterpenoids By definition triterpenoids are triterpenes that possess heteroatoms, usually oxygen. The terms ''triterpene'' and ''triterpenoid'' oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limonoids
Limonoids are phytochemicals of the triterpenoid class which are abundant in sweet or sour-scented citrus fruit and other plants of the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae, and Meliaceae. Certain limonoids are antifeedants such as azadirachtin from the neem tree.{{cite journal, title=Biological activity of limonoids from the rutales, journal=Phytochemistry, volume=31, pages=377–394, authors=Donald E.Champagne, Opender Koul, Murray B. Isman, Geoffrey G. E.Scudder, G. H. Neil Towers, year=1992, issue=2, doi=10.1016/0031-9422(92)90003-9 Chemically, the limonoids consist of variations of the furanolactone core structure. The prototypical structure consists of four six-membered rings and a furan ring. Limonoids are classed as tetranortriterpenes. Citrus fruits contain the limonoids limonin, nomilin and nomilinic acid, while both neem seeds and leaves contain the limonoid azadirachtin, although higher concentrations are present in the former. See also * Tetranortriterpenoid The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
