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Pamphilioidea
The Pamphilioidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta (the sawflies), containing some 250 living species restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. These hymenopterans share the distinctive feature of a very large, almost prognathous head, which is widest ventrally. The superfamily contains two extant families. The Pamphiliidae are the leaf-rolling or web-spinning sawflies such as ''Acantholyda'', ''Neurotoma'', and ''Pamphilius'' whose larvae eat plants such as conifers; the adults have simple filiform antennae. The Megalodontesidae include genera such as '' Megalodontes'' and several fossil groups. Their larvae eat herbaceous plants, while the adults have serrate or pectinate antennae. References Bibliography * , in Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013) * Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Zhang, Haichun & Wang, Bo (2006): Bizarre fossil insects: web-spinning s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megalodontesidae
The Megalodontesidae (until recently spelled Megalodontidae, a name already in use for a family of fossil molluscs) are a small family of sawfly, sawflies, containing a single living genus, ''Megalodontes'', with some 40 species restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia. Larvae of Megalodontesidae feed on herbaceous plants. They are distinguished from the closely related Pamphiliidae by their serrate or pectinate Antenna (biology), antennae. In 2016, a phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Pamphilioidea found that the extinct family Praesiricidae was paraphyletic with respect to Megalodontesidae, so Praesiricidae was proposed as a synonym of Megalodontesidae. Genera As of 2016, the following genera belong to the family Megalodontesidae, divided into four subfamilies: * Subfamily Megalodontesinae (synonym: Rudisiriciinae ) ** extinction, †''Aulidontes'' ** †''Jibaissodes'' ** ''Megalodontes'' ** †''Rudisiricius'' * Subfamily Archoxyelydinae ** †''Archoxyelyd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawflies
Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay their eggs. The name is associated especially with the Tenthredinoidea, by far the largest superfamily in the suborder, with about 7,000 known species; in the entire suborder, there are 8,000 described species in more than 800 genera. Symphyta is paraphyletic, consisting of several basal groups within the order Hymenoptera, each one rooted inside the previous group, ending with the Apocrita which are not sawflies. The primary distinction between sawflies and the Apocrita – the ants, bees, and wasps – is that the adults lack a "wasp waist", and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Some sawflies are Batesian mimics of wasps and bees, and the ovipositor can be mistaken for a stinger. Sawflies vary in leng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symphyta
Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay their eggs. The name is associated especially with the Tenthredinoidea, by far the largest superfamily in the suborder, with about 7,000 known species; in the entire suborder, there are 8,000 described species in more than 800 genera. Symphyta is paraphyletic, consisting of several basal groups within the order Hymenoptera, each one rooted inside the previous group, ending with the Apocrita which are not sawflies. The primary distinction between sawflies and the Apocrita – the ants, bees, and wasps – is that the adults lack a "wasp waist", and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Some sawflies are Batesian mimics of wasps and bees, and the ovipositor can be mistaken for a stinger. Sawflies vary in leng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera Superfamilies
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the hindwings are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order (biology), order of insects, comprising the sawfly, sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are Parasitoid wasp, parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis (biology), metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek language, Ancient Greek wikt:πτερόν, πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek wikt:ὑμήν, ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamphiliidae
Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small wasp family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. The larvae feed on plants (often conifers), using silk to build webs or tents, or to roll leaves into tubes in which they feed, thus earning them the common names leaf-rolling sawflies or web-spinning sawflies. Some species are gregarious and the larvae live in large groups. Fossils of Pamphiliidae have been dated to the Jurassic period. They are distinguished from the closely related Megalodontesidae by their simple, filiform antennae. Taxonomy The family is currently divided into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis of both extant and extinct species. *Cephalciinae Benson, 1945 **''Acantholyda'' Costa, 1894 **''Caenolyda'' Konow, 1897 **''Cephalcia'' Panzer, 1805 **'' Chinolyda'' Beneš, 1968 *Juralydinae **†'' Atocus'' Scudder, 1892 **†'' Juralyda'' Rasnitsyn, 1977 **''Neurotoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamphilius
''Pamphilius'' is a genus of leaf-rolling sawflies within the Symphyta belonging to the family Pamphiliidae. Description Species of this genus can reach a length of . Body is usually black with yellowish spots on the head. Legs are yellow and wings are transparent. Tarsal claws have one apical and subapical tooth. Mandibles are large and sickle-shaped. Adults can be found from May until June. Larvae may be solitary or form a colony, mainly feeding on deciduous trees. Main host plants are Rosaceae and Betulaceae, others are Salicaceae, Aceraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Fagaceae, Cornaceae and Juglandaceae. Distribution Species of this genus can be found in North America and in Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a .... Habitat These species prefer hedge rows. List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics (journal)
''Cladistics'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which has published research in cladistics since 1985. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Willi Hennig Society. ''Cladistics'' publishes papers relevant to evolution, systematics, and integrative biology. Papers of both a conceptual or philosophical nature, discussions of methodology, empirical studies on taxonomic groups from animals to bacteria, and applications of systematics in disciplines such as genomics, paleontology and biomedical epidemiology are accepted. Five types of paper appear in the journal: reviews, regular papers, forum papers, letters to the editor, and book reviews. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 5.254, ranking it 10th out of 50 journals in the category "Evolutionary Biology". Its editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeontology (journal)
''Palaeontology'' is one of the two scientific journals of the Palaeontological Association (the other being '' Papers in Palaeontology''). It was established in 1957 and is published on behalf of the Association by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is Barry Lomax (University of Nottingham). ''Palaeontology'' publishes articles on a range of palaeontological topics, including taphonomy, functional morphology, systematics, palaeo-environmental reconstruction and biostratigraphy. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2017 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 3.730, ranking it 1st out of 55 journals in the category "Paleontology". References External links * Paleontology journals Publications established in 1957 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zootaxa
''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week. From 2001 to 2020, more than 60,000 new species have been described in the journal accounting for around 25% of all new taxa indexed in The Zoological Record in the last few years. Print and online versions are available. Temporary suspension from JCR The journal exhibited high levels of self-citation and its journal impact factor of 2019 was suspended from ''Journal Citation Reports'' in 2020, a sanction which hit 34 journals in total. Biologist Ross Mounce noted that high levels of self-citation may be inevitable for a journal which publishes a large share of new species classification. Later that year this decision was reversed and it was admitted that levels of self-citation are appropriate considering the large proportion of papers f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megalodontes
''Megalodontes'' is a genus of sawflies within the Symphyta belonging to the family Megalodontesidae The Megalodontesidae (until recently spelled Megalodontidae, a name already in use for a family of fossil molluscs) are a small family of sawfly, sawflies, containing a single living genus, ''Megalodontes'', with some 40 species restricted to the ... subfamily Megalodontesinae. Description ''Megalodontes'' species are quite rare sawflies with a shiny black body and narrow pale yellow stripes on the abdomen. The head is large, the antennae are pectinate and the wings are reddish. These species are restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia. Species * '' Megalodontes bucephalus'' (Klug, 1824) * '' Megalodontes capitalatus'' Konow, 1904 * '' Megalodontes cephalotes'' (Fabricius, 1781) * '' Megalodontes dusmeti'' Enslin, 1914 * '' Megalodontes eversmanni'' (Freymuth, 1870) * '' Megalodontes fabricii'' (Leach, 1817) * '' Megalodontes flabellicornis'' (Germar, 1825) * '' Megalo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conifer
Conifers are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class (biology), class, Pinopsida. All Neontology, extant conifers are perennial plant, perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The great majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include Cedrus, cedars, Pseudotsuga, Douglas-firs, Cupressaceae, cypresses, firs, junipers, Agathis, kauri, larches, pines, Tsuga, hemlocks, Sequoioideae, redwoods, spruces, and Taxaceae, yews.Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta". Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P. 595 As of 1998, the division Pinophyta was estimated to contain eight families, 68 genera, and 629 living species. Although the total number of species is relatively small, conifers are ecology, ecologically important. They are the dominant plants over large areas of land, most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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