Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small
wasp
A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. ...
family within
Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of
North America and
Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...
. The larvae feed on plants (often
conifers), using silk to build webs or tents, or to roll leaves into tubes in which they feed, thus earning them the common names leaf-rolling sawflies or web-spinning sawflies. Some species are gregarious and the larvae live in large groups. Fossils of Pamphiliidae have been dated to the
Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...
period.
They are distinguished from the closely related
Megalodontesidae
The Megalodontesidae (until recently spelled Megalodontidae, a name already in use for a family of fossil molluscs) are a small family of sawflies, containing a single living genus, '' Megalodontes'', with some 40 species restricted to the temper ...
by their simple, filiform
antennae.
Taxonomy
The family is currently divided into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis of both extant and extinct species.
*Cephalciinae
Benson, 1945
**''
Acantholyda
''Acantholyda'' is a genus of sawflies.
Subgenera
The genus is divided into two subgenera:
*''Acantholyda'' Costa, 1894
*''Itycorsia'' Konow, 1897
Species
* '' A. aequorea'' Middlekauff, 1958 – North America (Calif)
* '' A. aglaia'' Zheloch ...
''
Costa, 1894
**''
Caenolyda
''Caenolyda'' is a genus of insect belonging to the family Pamphiliidae
Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small wasp family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America ...
''
Konow, 1897
**''
Cephalcia
''Cephalcia'' is a genus of insects belonging to the family Pamphiliidae
Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small wasp family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America ...
''
Panzer, 1805
**''
Chinolyda''
Beneš, 1968
*Juralydinae
**†''
Atocus''
Scudder, 1892
**†''
Juralyda''
Rasnitsyn, 1977
**''
Neurotoma
''Neurotoma'' is a genus of insects belonging to the family Pamphiliidae
Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small wasp family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America ...
''
Konow, 1897
**†''
Scabolyda''
Wang ''et al'', 2014
**†''
Tapholyda''
Rasnitsyn, 1983
*Pamphiliinae
Cameron, 1890
**''
Chrysolyda''
Shinohara, 2002
**''
Kelidoptera''
Konow, 1897
**''
Onycholyda
''Onycholyda'' is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Pamphiliidae
Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small wasp family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America ...
''
Takeuchi, 1938
**''
Pamphilius
''Pamphilius'' is a genus of leaf-rolling sawflies within the Symphyta belonging to the family Pamphiliidae.
Description
Species of this genus can reach a length of . Body is usually black with yellowish spots on the head. Legs are yellow and ...
''
Latreille, 1802
**''
Pseudocephaleia''
Zirngiebl, 1937
*''Incertae sedis''
**†''
Ulteramus
''Ulteramus'' is an extinct genus of parasitic wasp in the sawfly family Pamphiliidae. The genus is solely known from an Eocene fossil found in North America. At the time of its description the new genus was composed of a single species, ''Ulte ...
''
Archibald & Rasnitsyn, 2015
References
*Borror, D. J., DeLong, D. M., Triplehorn, C. A.(1976) cuarta edición. ''An introduction to the study of insects''. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York, Chicago.
External links
Bugguide.net. Family Pamphiliidae - Webspinning and Leafrolling Sawflies
Sawfly families
{{Sawfly-stub