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Paiute
Paiute (; also Piute) refers to three non-contiguous groups of Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. Although their languages are related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, these three languages do not form a single subgroup and they are no more closely related to each than they are to the Central Numic languages (Timbisha, Shoshoni, and Comanche) which are spoken between them. The term "Paiute" does not refer to a single, unique, unified group of Great Basin tribes, but is a historical label comprising: * Northern Paiute people Northern may refer to the following: Geography * North, a point in direction * Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe * Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States * Northern Province, Sri Lanka * Northern Range, ... of northeastern California, northwestern Nevada, eastern Oregon, and southern Idaho * Southern Paiute people of northern Arizona, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah * Mono people of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Paiute People
The Southern Paiute people () are a tribe of Native Americans who have lived in the Colorado River basin of southern Nevada, northern Arizona, and southern Utah. Bands of Southern Paiute live in scattered locations throughout this territory and have been granted federal recognition on several reservations. Southern Paiutes traditionally spoke Colorado River Numic, which is now a critically endangered language of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, and is mutually intelligible with Ute. The term Paiute comes from ''paa'' (meaning water in Ute ) and refers to their preference for living near water sources. They practiced springtime, floodplain farming with reservoirs and irrigation ditches for corn, squash, melons, gourds, sunflowers, beans, and wheat. The first European contact with the Southern Paiute occurred in 1776, when fathers Silvestre Vélez de Escalante and Francisco Atanasio Domínguez encountered them during an attempt to find an overland route ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mono People
The Mono ( ) are a Native American people who traditionally live in the central Sierra Nevada, the Eastern Sierra (generally south of Bridgeport), the Mono Basin, and adjacent areas of the Great Basin. They are often grouped under the historical label " Paiute" together with the Northern Paiute and Southern Paiute – but these three groups, although related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, do not form a single, unique, unified group of Great Basin tribes. Today, many of the tribal citizens and descendants of the Mono tribe inhabit the town of North Fork (thus the label "Northfork Mono") in Madera County. People of the Mono tribe are also spread across California in: the Owens River Valley; the San Joaquin Valley and foothills areas, especially Fresno County; and in the San Francisco Bay Area. Tribal groups The Mono lived on both sides of the Sierra Nevada and are divided into two regional tribal/dialect groups, roughly based on the Sierra crest: * Eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Paiute Language
Northern Paiute , endonym Numu or nɨɨmɨ, also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. It is closely related to the Mono language. Language revitalization In 2005, the Northwest Indian Language Institute of the University of Oregon formed a partnership to teach Northern Paiute and Kiksht in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation schools. In 2013, Washoe County, Nevada became the first school district in Nevada to offer Northern Paiute classes, offering an elective course in the language at Spanish Springs High School. Classes have also been taught at Reed High School in Sparks, Nevada. Elder Ralph Burns of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation worked with University of Nevada, Reno linguist Catherine Fowler to help develop a spelling system. The alphabet uses 19 letters. They have also developed a language-learning book, “Numa Yadooape,” and a series of compute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numic Languages
Numic is the northernmost branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. It includes seven languages spoken by Native American peoples traditionally living in the Great Basin, Colorado River basin, Snake River basin, and southern Great Plains. The word Numic comes from the cognate word in all Numic languages for “person”, which reconstructs to Proto-Numic as . For example, in the three Central Numic languages and the two Western Numic languages it is . In Kawaiisu it is and in Colorado River , and . Classification These languages are classified in three groups: * Numic ** Central Numic languages *** Comanche *** Timbisha (a dialect chain with main regional varieties being Western, Central, and Eastern) *** Shoshoni (a dialect chain with main regional varieties being Western, Gosiute, Northern, and Eastern) ** Southern Numic languages *** Kawaiisu *** Colorado River (a dialect chain with main regional varieties being Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, and Ute) ** West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numic Tree
Numic is the northernmost branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. It includes seven languages spoken by Native American peoples traditionally living in the Great Basin, Colorado River basin, Snake River basin, and southern Great Plains. The word Numic comes from the cognate word in all Numic languages for “person”, which reconstructs to Proto-Numic as . For example, in the three Central Numic languages and the two Western Numic languages it is . In Kawaiisu it is and in Colorado River , and . Classification These languages are classified in three groups: * Numic ** Central Numic languages *** Comanche *** Timbisha (a dialect chain with main regional varieties being Western, Central, and Eastern) *** Shoshoni (a dialect chain with main regional varieties being Western, Gosiute, Northern, and Eastern) ** Southern Numic languages *** Kawaiisu *** Colorado River (a dialect chain with main regional varieties being Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, and Ute) ** Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colorado River Numic Language
Colorado River Numic (also called Ute , Southern Paiute , Ute–Southern Paiute, or Ute-Chemehuevi ), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is a dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California to Colorado. Individual dialects are Chemehuevi, which is in danger of extinction, Southern Paiute (Moapa, Cedar City, Kaibab, and San Juan subdialects), and Ute (Central Utah, Northern, White Mesa, Southern subdialects). According to the ''Ethnologue'', there were a little less than two thousand speakers of Colorado River Numic Language in 1990, or around 40% out of an ethnic population of 5,000. The Southern Paiute dialect has played a significant role in linguistics, as the background for a famous article by linguist Edward Sapir and his collaborator Tony Tillohash on the nature of the phoneme. Dialects The three major dialect groups of Colorado River are Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, and Ute, although there are no strong isoglosses. The threefold divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples Of The Great Basin
The Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin are Native Americans of the northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, and upper Colorado River basin. The "Great Basin" is a cultural classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas and a cultural region located between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, in what is now Nevada, and parts of Oregon, California, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. The Great Basin region at the time of European contact was ~. There is very little precipitation in the Great Basin area which affects the lifestyles and cultures of the inhabitants. Great Basin peoples * Fremont culture (400 CE–1300 CE), Utah * Kawaiisu, southern inland California *Timbisha or Panamint or Koso, southeastern California * Washo, Nevada and California ** Palagewan ** Pahkanapil Northern Paiute * Northern Paiute, eastern California, Nevada, Oregon, southwestern Idaho **Kucadikadi, Mono Lake Paiute, California * Bannock, IdahoD'Azevedo ix Mono * Mono, southeastern California ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Californian Mono Language
Mono ( ) is a Native Americans in the United States, Native American language of the Numic languages, Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, the ancestral language of the Mono people. Mono consists of two dialects, ''Eastern'' and ''Western''. The name "Monachi" is commonly used in reference to Western Mono and "Owens Valley Paiute" in reference to Eastern Mono. In 1925, Alfred Kroeber estimated that Mono had 3,000 to 4,000 speakers. , only 37 elderly people spoke Mono as their first language. It is classified as Endangered languages, critically endangered by Red Book of Endangered Languages, UNESCO. It is spoken in the southern Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sierra Nevada, the Mono Basin, and the Owens Valley of central-eastern California. Mono is most closely related to Northern Paiute language, Northern Paiute; these two are classified as the Western group of the Numic languages, Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan languages, Uto-Aztecan language family. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uto-Aztecan Languages
The Uto-Aztecan languages are a family of native American languages, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan languages are found almost entirely in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family reflects the common ancestry of the Ute language of Utah and the Nahuan languages (also known as Aztecan) of Mexico. The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest linguistic families in the Americas in terms of number of speakers, number of languages, and geographic extension. The northernmost Uto-Aztecan language is Shoshoni, which is spoken as far north as Salmon, Idaho, while the southernmost is the Nawat language of El Salvador and Nicaragua. ''Ethnologue'' gives the total number of languages in the family as 61, and the total number of speakers as 1,900,412. Speakers of Nahuatl languages account for over 85% of these. The internal classification of the family often divides it into two branches: a northern branch including all the languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timbisha Language
Timbisha (''Tümpisa'') or Panamint (also called Koso) is the language of the Native Americans in the United States, Native American people who have inhabited the region in and around Death Valley, California, and the southern Owens Valley since late prehistoric times. There are a few elderly individuals who can speak the language in California and Nevada, but none are monolingual, and all use English language, English regularly in their daily lives. Until the late 20th century, the people called themselves and their language "Shoshone." The tribe then achieved federal recognition under the name Timbisha, Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone Band of California. This is an Anglicized spelling of the native name of Death Valley, ''tümpisa'', pronounced , which means "rock paint" and refers to the rich sources of red ochre in the valley. Timbisha is also the language of the so-called "Shoshone" groups at Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony, Bishop, Big Pine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comanche Language
Comanche (, endonym ) is a Uto-Aztecan languages, Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Comanche, who split from the Shoshone soon after the Comanche had acquired horses around 1705. The Comanche language and the Shoshoni language are quite similar, but certain consonant changes in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility. The name ''Comanche'' comes from the Ute language, Ute word "enemy, stranger". Their own name for the language is , which means "language of the people". Use and revitalization efforts Although efforts are now being made to ensure its survival, most speakers of the language are elderly. In the late 19th century, Comanche children were placed in American Indian boarding schools, indigenous boarding schools where they were discouraged from speaking their native language, and even severely punished for doing so. The second generation then grew up speaking English, because of the belief that it was better for them not to know Comanche. The Comanche language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoshoni Language
Shoshoni, also written as Shoshoni-Gosiute and Shoshone ( ; Shoshoni: soni''' ta̲i̲kwappe'', ''newe ta̲i̲kwappe'' or ''neme ta̲i̲kwappeh''), is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken in the Western United States by the Shoshone people. Shoshoni is primarily spoken in the Great Basin, in areas of Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and Idaho. The consonant inventory of Shoshoni is rather small, but a much wider range of surface forms of these phonemes appear in the spoken language. The language has six vowels, distinguished by length. Shoshoni is a strongly suffixing language, and it inflects for nominal number and case and for verbal aspect and tense using suffixes. Word order is relatively free but shows a preference toward SOV order. The endonyms ''newe ta̲i̲kwappe'' and ''Sosoni' ta̲i̲kwappe'' mean "the people's language" and "the Shoshoni language," respectively. Shoshoni is classified as threatened, although attempts at revitalization are underway. Classification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
