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Omphalotus
''Omphalotus'' is a genus of basidiomycete mushroom, in the family Marasmiaceae, formally circumscribed by Victor Fayod in 1889. Members have the traditional cap and stem structure. They are saprobic, and fruit in clumps on the ground, adjacent to host trees. The best known and type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom ''(Omphalotus olearius)''. Species of ''Omphalotus'' have been mistaken for chanterelles. All ''Omphalotus'' species are presumed poisonous, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Some ''Omphalotus'' species have bioluminescent properties. Taxonomy Victor Fayod originally erected the genus with '' Pleurotus olearius'' and '' P. eryngii'' as its principal species in 1889, placing it in a ''tribus'' ("alliance") with the genera '' Pleurotus'' and '' Pleurotellus''. The relationships of the genus have become clearer with genetic analysis. Rolf Singer placed it and the related ''Lampteromyces'' in the Boletales due to the presence of the pigment variegatic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Olearius
''Omphalotus olearius'',Singer R (1948) In: ''Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci.'' 32: 133 ('1946'). commonly known as the jack-o'-lantern mushroom, is a poisonous Orange (color), orange gilled mushroom that to an untrained eye appears similar to some Cantharellus, chanterelles. It is notable for its bioluminescence, bioluminescent properties. It is found in woodland areas in Europe, where it grows on decaying stumps, on buried roots or at the base of hardwood trees. It has also been reported from the Western Cape, Western Cape Province, South Africa. A similar, but phylogenetically distinct species found in eastern North America is ''Omphalotus illudens''. Unlike chanterelles, ''Omphalotus olearius'' and other ''Omphalotus'' species contain the toxin illudin S, and are poisonous to humans. While not lethal, consuming this mushroom leads to very severe cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Description The jack-o'-lantern mushroom is orange. Its bioluminescence, a blue-green color, can be observ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Japonicus
''Omphalotus japonicus'', commonly known as the tsukiyotake , is an orange to brown-colored gilled mushroom native to Japan and Eastern Asia. It is a member of the cosmopolitan genus ''Omphalotus'', the members of which have bioluminescent fruit bodies which glow in darkness. A 2004 molecular study shows it to be most closely related to a clade composed of ''Omphalotus nidiformis'' of Australia, ''Omphalotus olivascens'' of Western North America and ''Omphalotus olearius'' of Europe. ''Omphalotus japonicus'' is poisonous, its consumption results in acute nausea and vomiting for several hours. It is often confused with edible fungi and mistakenly consumed in Japan. Taxonomy Inoko first described this fungus as ''Pleurotus noctilucens'' in 1889, however the name proved invalid as the binomial had already been used for another species. Given the name ''Pleurotus japonicus'' by Seiichi Kawamura in 1915, it was given the name ''Lampteromyces japonicus'' by Rolf Singer in 1947, until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Illudens
''Omphalotus illudens'', commonly known as the eastern jack-o'lantern mushroom, is a large, orange mushroom that is often found in clumps on decaying stumps, buried roots, or at the base of hardwood trees in eastern North America. Its gills often exhibit a weak green bioluminescence when fresh. This green glow has been mentioned in several journal articles, which state that the phenomenon can persist up to 40-50 hours after the mushroom has been picked. It is believed that this display serves to attract insects to the mushroom’s gills during nighttime, which can then distribute its spores across a wider area. ''Omphalotus illudens'' is sometimes confused with edible chanterelles, but can be distinguished by its thicker, fleshier appearance, tendency to form large clusters, and clearly separated caps when young. Unlike chanterelles, the Eastern Jack-o’-lantern is poisonous to humans when eaten, whether raw or cooked, and typically causes vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea. Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Mexicanus
''Omphalotus mexicanus'' is a gilled basidiomycete mushroom in the family Marasmiaceae. Found in Mexico, it was described as new to science in 1984. Fruit bodies contain the compounds illudin The illudins are a family of sesquiterpenes with antitumor antibiotic properties produced by some mushrooms. In their isolated form, illudins show selective toxicity for myelocytic leukemia and other carcinoma cells. Illudins are highly toxic, w ... S and illudin M. Found in the highlands of Mexico and Central America, its fruiting bodies are an unusual dark blue tinted with yellow. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q7090733 mexicanus Fungi described in 1984 Fungi of North America Taxa named by Gastón Guzmán ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisonous Mushroom
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Its symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus. Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Signs and symptoms Poisonous mushrooms contain a variety of different toxins that can differ markedly in toxicity. Symptoms of mushroom poisoning may vary from gastric upset ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurotus
''Pleurotus'' is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, '' P. ostreatus''. Species of ''Pleurotus'' may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. ''Pleurotus'' fungi have also been used in mycoremediation of pollutants, such as petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Etymology The genus name ''Pleurotus'' literally means ''side ear'' in reference to the mushroom caps being laterally attached to the substrate. It is a composite of the Ancient Greek words : pleurá - ''side'', and the stem ''-oto'' referring to ears (from , ὠτός : ''ear''). Description The caps may be laterally attached (with no stipe). If there is a stipe, it is normally eccentric and the gills are decurrent along it. The term '' pleurotoid'' is used for any mushroom with this general shape. The spores are smooth and elongated (described as "cylindrical"). Where hyphae meet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantharellus
''Cantharellus'' is a genus of popular edible mushrooms, commonly known as chanterelles, a name which can also refer to the type species, ''Cantharellus cibarius''. They are mycorrhizal fungi, meaning they form symbiotic associations with plants, making them very difficult to cultivate. Caution must be used when identifying chanterelles for consumption due to lookalikes, such as the jack-o'-lantern mushroom (''Omphalotus olearius'' and others), which can make a person very ill. Despite this, chanterelles are one of the most recognized and harvested groups of edible mushrooms. Many species of chanterelles contain antioxidant carotenoids, such as beta-carotene in ''C. cibarius'' and ''C. minor'', and canthaxanthin in ''C. cinnabarinus'' and ''C. friesii''. They also contain significant amounts of vitamin D. The name comes from Greek κάνθαρος, ''kantharos'' 'tankard, cup'. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotaceae
The Marasmiaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi which have white spores. They mostly have tough stems and the capability of shrivelling up during a dry period and later recovering. The widely consumed edible fungus ''Lentinula edodes'', the shiitake mushroom, is a member of this family. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 54 genera and 1590 species. The family Omphalotaceae, described by A. Bresinsky in 1985 as a segregate from the Tricholomataceae, has been considered synonymous with Marasmiaceae. However DNA analyses by Moncalvo et al. in 2002 and Matheny et al. in 2006 have now led to that family being accepted by Index Fungorum and most recent references. The following genera are included in that family : ''Anthracophyllum'', ''Gymnopus'', ''Lentinula'', ''Marasmiellus'', '' Mycetinis'', '' Rhodocollybia'', ''Omphalotus''. Genera See also *List of Agaricales families References * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q544997 Marasmiaceae The Marasmiaceae a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marasmiaceae
The Marasmiaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi which have white spores. They mostly have tough stems and the capability of shrivelling up during a dry period and later recovering. The widely consumed edible fungus ''Lentinula edodes'', the shiitake mushroom, is a member of this family. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 54 genera and 1590 species. The family Omphalotaceae, described by A. Bresinsky in 1985 as a segregate from the Tricholomataceae, has been considered synonymous with Marasmiaceae. However DNA analyses by Moncalvo et al. in 2002 and Matheny et al. in 2006 have now led to that family being accepted by Index Fungorum and most recent references. The following genera are included in that family : ''Anthracophyllum'', ''Gymnopus'', ''Lentinula'', ''Marasmiellus'', '' Mycetinis'', '' Rhodocollybia'', ''Omphalotus''. Genera See also * List of Agaricales families References * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q544997 Marasmiaceae The Marasmiaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Fayod
Victor Fayod (23 November 1860 – 28 April 1900) was a Swiss mycologist, who created an influential novel classification of the agaric fungi and who described a number of new genera and species. Biographical overview Fayod was born on 23 November 1860 in Salaz, which is a small locality close to Bex in the Swiss canton of Vaud. He was a grandson of a famous Swiss geologist, Johann von Charpentier. After attending school in Bex and Lausanne, he studied Mathematics and later Silviculture at Zürich polytechnic. He was strongly interested in botany and mycology, but his work in those areas had to be conducted in a private capacity. Fayod first worked with Heinrich Anton de Bary (1831–1888) in Strasbourg from 1881 to 1882, then as a tutor. He took a series of biology-related posts in Bad Cannstatt, Normandy, Nervi, the "Valli Valdesi" (in the Cottian Alps), and Genoa. He also assisted French bacteriologist André Chantemesse (1851–1919) in Paris. After working in a den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescent
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some Fungus, fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, and terrestrial arthropods such as Firefly, fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiosis, symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In a general sense, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves a light-emitting molecule and an enzyme, generally called luciferin and luciferase, respectively. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme Catalysis, catalyzes the Redox, oxidation of the luciferin. In some species, the luciferase requires other Cofactor (bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. ''Toadstool'' generally denotes one poisonous to humans. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi ( Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem ( stipe), a cap ( pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. These gills produce microscopic spores that help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", "puffball", "stinkhorn", and " morel", and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called "agarics" in refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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