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Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways ( no, Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883Historisk oversikt Norwegian National Rail Administration to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned s in . On 1 December 1996, it was to create the infrastructure operator |
Government Agency
A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an administration. There is a notable variety of agency types. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or ministry, and other types of public body established by government. The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organizations (''such as commissions'') are most often constituted in an advisory role—this distinction is often blurred in practice however, it is not allowed. A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, independence, and accountability of government agencies also vary widely. History Early exa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard-gauge
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in East Africa. It is the most widely used track gauge around the world, with approximately 55% of the lines in the world using it. All high-speed rail lines use standard gauge except those in Russia, Finland, and Uzbekistan. The distance between the inside edges of the rails is defined to be 1435 mm except in the United States and on some heritage British lines, where it is defined in U.S. customary/Imperial units as exactly "four feet eight and one half inches" which is equivalent to 1435.1mm. History As railways developed and expanded, one of the key issues was the track gauge (the distance, or width, between the inner sides of the rails) to be used. Different railways used different gauges, and where rails of different gauge met – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjarne Vik
Bjarne is a Nordic male name, a variant of Bjorn, and can refer to the following people: *Bjarne Andersson, a cross-country skier * Bjarne Berg-Sæther, a Norwegian politician *Bjarne Berntsen, a Norwegian football coach and former player *Bjarne Brøndbo, a rock singer *Bjarne Brustad, a violinist * B. S. (Bjarne Slot) Christiansen, a team-building coach * Bjarne Mørk Eidem, a Norwegian politician * Bjarne Fjærtoft, a Norwegian politician * Bjarne Flem, a Norwegian politician *Bjarne Goldbæk, a football player and sports pundit * Bjarne Guldager, a Norwegian Olympic sprinter * Bjarne Håkon Hanssen, the current Norwegian Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion * Bjarne Hansen, a comics artist * Bjarne Henriksen, a Danish actor *Bjarne Henry Henriksen, a Norwegian politician *Bjarne Iversen, a cross-country skier * Bjarne Jeppesen, a handball player *Bjarne Johnsen, a Norwegian gymnast *Bjarne Kallis, a Finnish politician *Bjarne Liller, a jazz musician *Bjarne Lyngstad, a Nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust In Norway
The German occupation of Norway began on 9 April 1940. In 1942, there were at least 2,173 Jews in Norway. At least 775 of them were arrested, detained and/or deported. More than half of the Norwegians who died in camps in Germany were Jews. 742 Jews were murdered in the camps and 23 Jews died as a result of extrajudicial execution, murder and suicide during the war, bringing the total of Jewish Norwegian dead to at least 765, comprising 230 complete households. Many Jews survived by fleeing Norway, nearly two-thirds escaping. Of these, around 900 Jews were smuggled out of the country by the Norwegian resistance movement, mostly to Sweden but some also to the United Kingdom. Between 28 and 34 of those deported survived their continued imprisonment in camps (following their deportation)—and around 25 (of these) returned to Norway after the war. About 800 Norwegian Jews who had fled to Sweden returned after the war. Background The Jewish population in Norway was very small un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Laborer
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families. Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps. Definition Many forms of unfree labour are also covered by the term forced labour, which is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as all involuntary work or service exacted under the menace of a penalty. However, under the ILO Forced Labour Convention of 1930, the term forced or compulsory labour does not include: *"any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character;" *"any work or service which forms part of the normal civic obligations of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Prisoners
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity. The political offense is not always the official reason for the prisoner's detention. There is no internationally recognized legal definition of the concept, although numerous similar definitions have been proposed by various organizations and scholars, and there is a general consensus among scholars that "individuals have been sanctioned by legal systems and imprisoned by political regimes not for their violation of codified laws but for their thoughts and ideas that have fundamentally challenged existing power relations". The status of a political prisoner is generally awarded to individuals based on declarations of non-governmental organizations like Amnesty International, on a case-by-case basis. While such status are often widely recognized by the international public opinion, they are often rejected by individual governments accused of holding political prisoners, which tend to deny any bias in thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A-magasinet
''A-magasinet'' is a supplement to the Norwegian newspaper ''Aftenposten'' that is published every Friday. The supplement is published in a format of , and it is therefore smaller than the daily newspaper, which is published in tabloid format. The supplement is printed at the press Hjemmet Mortensen Trykkeri and its number of pages has ranged from 68 to 84. Until 2001, the supplement was printed by the press Aktietrykkeriet in Fetsund. History ''A-magasinet'' was issued during three periods: from 1926 to 1943, from 1963 to 1993, and from 2005 onward. The first issue was published on New Year's eve in 1926 at the initiative of editor Frøis Frøisland. The name of the publication was selected in a contest among the readers of ''Aftenposten''. Other suggestions for naming the publication included ''Lørdagshygga'' ('Saturday cosiness'), ''Ding Dong'', ''Sofadyret'' ('couch creature'), and ''Tilhænger'n'' ('trailer', after Harald Madsen of the popular comic pair Ole & Axel, dubbed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aftenposten
( in the masthead; ; Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million readers. It converted from broadsheet to compact format in March 2005. ''Aftenposten''s online edition is at Aftenposten.no. It is considered a newspaper of record for Norway. ''Aftenposten'' is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norway's second largest newspaper, ''VG'', is also owned by Schibsted. Norwegian owners held a 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015. The paper has around 740 employees. Trine Eilertsen was appointed editor-in-chief in 2020. History and profile ''Aftenposten'' was founded by Christian Schibsted on 14 May 1860 under the name ''Christiania Adresseblad''. The following year, it was renamed ''Aftenposten''. Since 1885, the paper has printed two daily editions. A Sund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klassekampen
''Klassekampen'' ( en, The Class Struggle) is a Norwegian daily newspaper. It describes itself as "the newspaper of the Left." The paper's net circulation is 34,000 (2021), and it has around 111,000 daily readers on paper (160,000 on Saturdays). This makes it the third largest Norwegian print newspaper, based on readership. Chief editor from 2018 is Mari Skurdal. The paper was initially a part of the young marxist-leninist (maoist) movement in Norway. It started out in early 1969 as a monthly periodical published by "a group of marxist-leninists" with Anders M. Andersen as the first editor. It promoted the positions of the Workers' Communist Party (AKP; founded 1973) and its predecessors. ''Klassekampen'' became a weekly in January 1973, a bi-weekly in January 1976 and finally a daily newspaper as of April 1977. It was the official organ of the AKP until April 1991. Its mission statement now describes itself as "revolutionary socialist." As most Norwegian newspapers it depends o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjørn Westlie
Bjørn Petter Westlie (born 23 July 1949) is a Norwegian journalist, historian, university college lecturer and non-fiction writer. Career In 1995, as a journalist for the newspaper ''Dagens Næringsliv'', Westlie published a major article about the History of the Jews in Norway#The Holocaust, looting of the Norwegian Jews during the Second World War. In many cases the survivors were not able to reclaim any valuables, businesses or properties. Together with historian Bjarte Bruland’s research this article started a The Holocaust in Norway#Skarpnes commission, public settlement process ending with the Government giving financial compensation and issuing a public apology. In most of his books Westlie has focused on the Second World War. ''Maktens ansikt'' (The Face of Power) from 1991 is a portrait of Milorg leader and later politician Jens Chr. Hauge. In 2002 he published ''Oppgjør: I skyggen av Holocaust'' (Revisitation – In the Shadow of the Holocaust). ''Fars krig'' (My F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nordland Line
The Nordland Line ( no, Nordlandsbanen, ) is a railway line between Trondheim and Bodø, Norway. It is the longest in Norway and lacks electrification. The route runs through the counties of Trøndelag (formerly Sør-Trøndelag and Nord-Trøndelag) and Nordland, carrying a combination of commuter, long-haul passenger and freight trains. From Trondheim Central Station to Steinkjer Station the line is most heavily used, with hourly services by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail. There are three branch lines—the Stavne–Leangen Line at Leangen Station, the Meråker Line at Hell Station and the Namsos Line at Grong Station. The section from Trondheim to Hell opened on 22 July 1882. The next section, initially the Hell–Sunnan Line, opened in stages between 1902 and 1905. The line was lengthened to Snåsa Station on 30 October 1926 and then to Grong on 30 November 1929. Construction continued in a slow pace northwards, but was accelerated by the Wehrmacht after the 1940 occupatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
