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Judiciary Of Eritrea
The legal systems of Eritrea go as far back as the 14th century. Before independence, Eritrea was colonized by Italy and later occupied by Britain, therefore subjugated to those nations' laws through the World War II era. In the 1950s, United Nations, the United Nations gave neighboring Ethiopia power and responsibility for Eritrea, and thus its legal system mirrored that of Ethiopia. After gaining its independence in 1993, Eritrea began to draft its own constitution, which was implemented in 1997. Much of Eritrea's judicial system is spelled out in this Constitution. However, even today, customary law has remained the most prevalent law in the lives of most Eritreans. History Customary laws within Eritrea can be traced back to the 14th century. These laws were written with the intention of enforcing cultural norms. There are five main periods of legal history in Eritrea: # The civil law (legal system), civil law period based on Italian colonial rule # The common law system emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eritrea
Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Hominid remains found in Eritrea have been dated to 1 million years old and anthropological research indicates that the area may contain significant records related to the evolution of humans. The Kingdom of Aksum, covering much of modern-day Eritrea and Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia, was established during the first or second century AD.Henze, Paul B. (2005) ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'', . It adopted Eritrean Orthodox Church, Christianity around the middle of the fourth century. Beginning in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eritrean War Of Independence
The Eritrean War of Independence was an War, armed conflict and insurgency aimed at achieving self-determination and independence for Eritrea from Ethiopian rule. Starting in 1961, Eritrean insurgents engaged in guerrilla warfare to liberate Eritrea Province from the control of the Ethiopian Empire under Haile Selassie and later the Derg under Mengistu Haile Mariam, Mengistu. Their efforts ultimately succeeded in 1991 with the fall of the Derg regime. Eritrea was an Italian Eritrea, Italian colony from the 1880s until the Italians were defeated by the Allies in World War II in 1941. Afterward, Eritrea briefly became a Italian Eritrea#British Military Administration and the end of the colony, British protectorate until 1951. The United Nations convened after the war to decide Eritrea's future, eventually voting in favor of a federation between Eritrea and Ethiopia. As a result, Eritrea became a constituent state of the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The federation was int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Eritrea
The politics of Eritrea and the government of Eritrea take place in the framework of a One-party state, single-party Presidential system, presidential republic currently under a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The President of Eritrea, President officially serves as both head of state and head of government. The People's Front for Democracy and Justice is the only political party legally permitted to exist in Eritrea. The popularly elected National Assembly of Eritrea, National Assembly of 150 seats, formed in 1993 shortly after independence from Ethiopia, elected the current president, Isaias Afwerki. There have been no Elections in Eritrea, general elections since its official independence in 1993. A Constitution of Eritrea, new constitution was drafted in 1993 and ratified in 1997, but has not been implemented. Since the National Assembly last met in January 2002, president Afwerki has exercised the powers of both the Executive branch, executive and legislative b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Asmara
The University of Asmara (UoA) was a public university in Asmara, Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj .... The nation's first university, it was founded in 1958 by the "Piae Madres Nigritiae" ( Comboni Sisters). The school was meant to provide for the local population, though its initial enrollment in the 1950s was entirely Italian. Over the course of its history it has been reopened and reorganised following political changes. In 2006 it was closed and reorganized into other institutions such as the Eritrea Institute of Technology. History The university was founded as the "''Catholic College of Santa Famiglia''" in 1958 by the "Piae Madres Nigritiae" ( Comboni Sisters). In 1964 the university had been renamed as "University of Asmara" and began offering Asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Courts Of Eritrea
The Community Courts of Eritrea are the foundation of the judicial system in Eritrea. The courts typically hear cases regarding minor infractions, typically involving sums of less than approximately $7,300 (100 thousand nakfa). Individual cases are heard by an individual magistrate. Defense counsels are permitted to present cases but are typically appointed by the court because defendants are rarely able to meet the cost of private representation. Community magistrates are elected from the communities which they will serve. These courts are supervised by the Ministry of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a .... The community courts tend to promote out-of-court settlements and have a small (2.9%) appeal rate. References Judiciary of Eritrea {{Gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia, Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah () is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on Islamic holy books, scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran, Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology ''sharīʿah'' refers to immutable, intangible divine law; contrary to ''fiqh'', which refers to its interpretations by Ulama, Islamic scholars. Sharia, or fiqh as traditionally known, has always been used alongside urf, customary law from the very beginning in Islamic history; has been elaborated and developed over the centuries by fatwa, legal opinions issued by mufti, qualified jurists – reflecting the tendencies of Schools of Fiqh, different schools – and integrated and with various economic, penal and administrative laws issued by Muslims, Muslim rulers; and implemented for centuries by Qadi, judges in the courts until recent times, when secularism was widely adopted in Islamic societies. Traditional Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, theory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Court Of Eritrea
The Special Court of Eritrea is a parallel court to the traditional judicial hierarchy. The Special Court may retry a case that has been resolved through the traditional legal system. The judges of the Special Court serve as the prosecutors of case while defense counsel is not allowed the defendant is allowed to present their case. Special Court issues directives to other courts regarding administrative matters, although their domain was supposed to be restricted to criminal cases involving capital offenses, theft, embezzlement, and corruption. The Office of the Attorney General decides which cases are to be tried by a special court.{{cite book, last=Favali , first=Lyda , author2=Pateman, Roy , title=Blood, Land, and Sex: Legal and Political Pluralism in Eritrea, isbn= 0-253-34205-8, publisher=Indiana University Press, year=2003 References Judiciary of Eritrea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eritrean Nakfa
The nakfa (ISO 4217 code: ''ERN''; ''naḳfa'', or or نقفة ''nākfā'') is the currency of Eritrea and was introduced on 15 November 1997 to replace the Ethiopian birr at par. The currency takes its name from the Eritrean town of Nakfa, Eritrea, Nakfa, site of Siege of Nakfa, the first major victory of the Eritrean War of Independence. The nakfa is divided into 100 Cent (currency), cents. The nakfa is pegged to the United States dollar, US dollar at a fixed rate of US$1 = ERN 15. At earlier times, it was officially pegged at US$1 = ERN 13.50. The currency is not fully convertible, so black market rates available on the streets typically offered a rate of 15 nakfas per dollar. Between 18 November and 31 December 2015, the Bank of Eritrea began replacement of all nakfa banknotes. The banknote replacement initiative was designed to combat Counterfeit money, counterfeiting, the informal economy but primarily Sudanese human traffickers who had accepted payments in nakfa banknote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Eritrea
The High Court of Eritrea is the final court of appeal in Eritrea and the highest court in the Eritrean judicial hierarchy. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction. A panel of three judge A judge is a person who wiktionary:preside, presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other Evidence (law), evidence presented by the barris ...s hears all original cases. However, when the High Court is serving final appeals, a panel of five judges hears the trial. In 2005, The High Court took an average of 2 months to decide if it would hear an appeal, and at year's end had a backlog of approximately 200 cases. List of chief justices (post-independence) Source: * Fozia Hashim (1991-1993) * Teame Beyene (1994-2001) * Menkerios Beraki (Chief Justice of Eritrea since 2001) References Judiciary of Eritrea {{Eritrea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Eritrea
The Constitution of Eritrea is the supreme law of Eritrea. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the State and source of legal authority. It sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of government. Despite its ratification by the legislature, the constitution has yet to be implemented as of . Overview In March 1994, the Provisional Government of Eritrea established a Constitutional Commission to draft a new constitution. The drafting authority was the transitional National Assembly, a body consisting of 75 members of the EPLF central committee and 75 representatives elected by regional assemblies. In 1995, a global symposium was held in Asmara for the writing of the Constitution of Eritrea. Eritrean representatives worked closely on the legislation with a number of international experts, including Somali scholars Ismail Ali Ismail and Said Sheikh Samatar. The following year, Ismail also helped train senior government officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bereket Habte Selassie
Bereket Habte Selassie is an Eritrean-American scholar on African law and government. He is William E. Leuchtenburg Professor of African and Afro-American Studies at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and he also instructs at the University of North Carolina School of Law. Selassie is an activist for reform in Eritrea and a supporter of pan-Africanism. Biography Bereket Habte Selassie graduated from the University of Perugia, studied for his LL.B. at the University of Hull and received a Ph.D from the University of London. He subsequently held numerous high-profile positions within Ethiopia, serving as Attorney General, Associate Justice of Ethiopia’s Supreme Court, Vice Minister of Interior, and Mayor of Harar. However, Habte Selassie resigned from the government in 1964 out of dissatisfaction with Imperial policies. Several years later, he left Ethiopia, narrowly escaping capture by the military, to join armed guerrillas fighting for Eritrean independence. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derg
The Derg or Dergue (, ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when they formally "Civil government, civilianized" the administration although remained in power until 1991. The Derg was established on 21 June 1974 as the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police and Territorial Army, by junior and mid level officers of the Army of the Ethiopian Empire, Imperial Ethiopian Army and members of the Law enforcement in Ethiopia, police. The officers decided everything collectively at first, and selected Mengistu Haile Mariam to chair the proceedings. On 12 September 1974, the Derg 1974 Ethiopian coup d'état, overthrew the Government of the Ethiopian Empire, government of the Ethiopian Empire and Emperor Haile Selassie during nationwide mass protests, and three days later formally renamed itself the Provisional Military Administrative Council. In March ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
