Highway Of Tears
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Highway Of Tears
The Highway of Tears is a corridor of Highway 16 between Prince George and Prince Rupert in British Columbia, Canada, which has been the location of many disappearances and murders beginning in 1970. The phrase was coined during a vigil held in Terrace, British Columbia in 1998, by Florence Naziel, who was thinking of the victims' families crying over their loved ones. There are a disproportionately high number of indigenous women on the list of victims. Proposed explanations for the years-long endurance of the crimes and the limited progress in identifying culprits include poverty, drug abuse, widespread domestic violence, disconnection with traditional culture and disruption of the family unit through the foster care system and Canadian Indian residential school system.
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Prince George, British Columbia
Prince George is the largest city in northern British Columbia, Canada, with a population of 74,004 in the metropolitan area. It is often called the province's "northern capital" or sometimes the "spruce capital" because it is the hub city for Northern BC. It is situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako rivers, and at the crossroads of Highway 16 and Highway 97. History The origins of Prince George can be traced to the North West Company fur trading post of Fort George, which was established in 1807 by Simon Fraser and named in honour of King George III.Runnalls, F.E. A History of Prince George. 1946 The post was centred in the centuries-old homeland of the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation, whose very name means "people of the confluence of the two rivers." The Lheidli T'enneh name began to see official use around the 1990s and the band is otherwise historically referred to as Fort George Indian Band.George, N. D. "Decolonizing the Empathic Settler Mind: An Autoethn ...
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E-Pana
Project E-Pana is a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) task force created in 2005 with the purpose of solving cases of missing and murdered persons along a section of Highway 16, all female, between Prince Rupert, British Columbia and Prince George, British Columbia, dubbed the Highway of Tears. Though it started with the scope of investigating victims of Highway 16, within a year of formation, it morphed to include victims along Highways 5, 24 and 97. It is no longer specifically dedicated to Highway of Tears cases. Origins The name ''E-Pana'' was chosen from a concatenation of ''E'' from "E" Division, which is the RCMP division that has jurisdiction over British Columbia (BC), and ''Pana'', which is the name of an Inuit goddess who cares for souls before heaven or reincarnation. The task force was created during the Fall of 2005 in order to investigate a series of unsolved murders and disappearances along BC's Highway of Tears, and determine whether a serial killer or ki ...
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Subdural Hemorrhage
A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood—usually but not always associated with a traumatic brain injury—gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain. It usually results from tears in bridging veins that cross the subdural space. Subdural hematomas may cause an increase in the pressure inside the skull, which in turn can cause compression of and damage to delicate brain tissue. Acute subdural hematomas are often life-threatening. Chronic subdural hematomas have a better prognosis if properly managed. In contrast, epidural hematomas are usually caused by tears in arteries, resulting in a build-up of blood between the dura mater and the skull. The third type of brain hemorrhage, known as a subarachnoid hemorrhage, causes bleeding into the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. __TOC__ Signs and symptoms The symptoms of a subdural hematoma hav ...
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Sawed-off Shotgun
A sawed-off shotgun (also called a sawn-off shotgun, short-barreled shotgun, shorty or a boom stick) is a type of shotgun with a shorter gun barrel—typically under —and often a shortened or absent stock. Despite the colloquial term, barrels do not, strictly speaking, have to be shortened with a saw. Barrels can be manufactured at shorter lengths as an alternative to traditional, longer barrels. This makes them easier to transport due to their smaller profile and lighter weight. The design also makes the weapon easy to maneuver in cramped spaces, a feature sought by military close-quarters combat units, law enforcement SWAT team users, and those concerned with home-defence. As a result of the shorter barrel length, any sawn-off shotgun with a magazine tube will have its capacity reduced. In the 1930s, the United States of America, Britain and Canada mandated that a permit be required to own these firearms. They are subject to legal restrictions depending upon jurisd ...
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Cluculz Lake
Cluculz Lake is a settlement in British Columbia, located 40 km west of Prince George alongside the Yellowhead Highway. The word "Cluculz" is translated Big Whitefish and is based on a story told by local Carrier people of a group who paddled across the lake in their canoe and were tipped over by a giant Whitefish. Cluculz Lake is part of Electoral Area F (Vanderhoof Rural). According to the 2011 census, Electoral Area F had a total population of 3,702 people. In 2013 a controversy arose between a group of residents and land owners at Cluculz Lake and the Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako over the outcome of a referendum which would see them pay for a planned pool in the community of Vanderhoof, British Columbia - which many claimed they would not use. A lawsuit was filed, but later dropped. Geography The surface area of the lake is 6223 acres, with a volume of 578,739 acre-feet. Its mean depth is 97 ft, with a maximum depth of 200 ft. It sits at an elevati ...
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Burns Lake, British Columbia
Burns Lake is a rural village in the North-western-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, incorporated in 1923. The village had a population of 1,779 as of the 2016 Census. The village is known for its rich First Nations heritage, and for its network of mountain biking trails, which have received acclaim by becoming Canada's first IMBA Ride Centre. In winter, cross country skiing trails and snowmobile wilderness trails are created. Burns Lake is located in the midst of a large networks of lakes called the Lakes District, with fishing and hunting year round, and water activities in the summer months. There are two First Nations reserves that are part of the town, and another four nearby, making it one of the few communities in the province that have almost equal populations of persons of native or European descent. Local nations include Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation, Lake Babine Nation, Cheslatta Carrier Nation, Ts'il Kaz Koh First Nation, Skin Tyee First Nation and Nee- ...
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Fort Ware
Kwadacha, also known as Fort Ware or simple Ware, is an aboriginal community in northern British Columbia, Canada, located in the Rocky Mountain Trench at the confluence of the Finlay, Kwadacha and Fox Rivers, in the Rocky Mountain Trench upstream from the end of the Finlay Reach (north arm) of Williston Lake. The population is about 350. It is in the federal electoral riding of Prince George-Peace River. The community is home to Kwadacha First Nation, a Sekani First Nation but a member of the Kaska Dena tribal council. History The area is part of the traditional territory of the Sekani-speaking people, the Kwadacha, and called ''Tahche'' in their language. In 1927, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) established an outpost of Fort Grahame, naming it the Whitewater trading post. It was first built in Deserters Canyon farther along Finlay River, but was later relocated near the meeting of Fox, Kwadacha and Finlay Rivers. It became a "full-fledged" post in 1929. The fort introduced the ...
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Smithers, British Columbia
Smithers is a town in northwestern British Columbia, approximately halfway between Prince George and Prince Rupert. With a population of 5,351 in 2016, Smithers provides service coverage for most of the Bulkley Valley. History Region First Nations settlements existed thousands of years prior to European presence. Railway The planned Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTP) required two major divisional points in BC, where additional staff and facilities would be located. After Prince George, various central points on the Prince Rupert leg were considered in the vicinity of Aldermere. A prime choice was Hubert, east of Telkwa, initially called Bulkley by the developers, who had amassed the surrounding land. These speculators promoted a future new city, and later a trade centre of the Bulkley Valley, both fallacious claims, since Smithers had already been selected as the divisional point. The Interior News of Aldermere had earlier adopted a policy of refusing advertising from such unsc ...
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Edward Dennis Isaac
Edward Dennis Isaac (born 1958–1959) is a Canadian serial killer who killed one woman and two teenage girls in the Canadian city of Prince George, British Columbia, between 1981 and 1982. In 1986, he was arrested after his girlfriend, who had knowledge of his involvement in one of the murders, told the police. He pleaded guilty to every killing, and was sentenced to three life terms with the possibility of parole after 15 years. Isaac was active along the Highway of Tears, a corridor of Highway 16 infamous for being the location of many missing and murdered indigenous women. He is one of three convicted serial killers to have been active in the area, the others being Brian Peter Arp and Cody Legebokoff. Murders On October 10, 1981, Isaac murdered 36-year-old Jean Mary Kovacs. At about midnight, Kovacs had been evicted from a bar in Prince George after drinking for several hours. After consuming more alcohol at home, she took a taxi to a highway intersection outside the city, ...
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Forensic Developmental Psychology
Forensic developmental psychology is a field of psychology that focuses on "children's actions and reactions in a forensic context" and "children's reports that they were victims or witnesses of a crime". Bruck and Poole (2002) first coined the term "forensic developmental psychology". Although forensic developmental psychology specifically focuses on a child's reliability, credibility, and competency in the courtroom setting, it also includes topics such as autobiographical memory, memory distortion, eyewitness identification, narrative construction, personality, and attachment. Distinction between forensic, developmental, and forensic developmental psychology Child testimony process Similar to adults, children who testify must undergo a testimony process in order to determine their relative competency, reliability, and credibility. This is important because trauma resulting from exposure to an open courtroom or confrontation with a defendant can ultimately lead to inaccur ...
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Vanderhoof, British Columbia
Vanderhoof is a district municipality near the geographical centre of British Columbia, Canada. Covering 2.92 square kilometers., it has a population of about 4,500 within town limits, and offers services to nearly 10,000 people in nearby rural communities. Its main industries are forestry, agriculture, and related businesses. Tourism is also growing, and mining operations are being developed in the area. It has many elementary schools, and one major secondary school, Nechako Valley Secondary School (NVSS), comprising School District 91 Nechako Lakes. The College of New Caledonia has a regional campus there. Via Rail's Jasper–Prince Rupert train serves the Vanderhoof railway station. History The municipality is named after Herbert Vanderhoof of Chicago, one of its founders. He was an employee of the Grand Trunk Pacific Development Company, a subsidiary of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The municipality's population rapidly expanded until World War II, when many of the town's men ...
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Thornhill, British Columbia
The community of Thornhill is an unincorporated settlement of approximately 5000+ people on the east side of the Skeena River immediately across from the City of Terrace, British Columbia. It is connected to Terrace by the Old Skeena Bridge and the Dudley Little Bridge also known as 'the new bridge'.Thornhill has an independent volunteer Firefighting detachment and an educational system consisting of the schools: Thornhill Primary, Thornhill Elementary, and Thornhill Junior Secondary School, sustaining a combined total of approximately 700 students from kindergarten to Grade 10. Integration with Terrace Because of its contiguousness with Terrace along the Highway 16 corridor, many visitors and newcomers to the area consider Thornhill a part of Terrace. However that is now changing that signs are going up identifying Thornhill as a vibrant community with 5000+ residents.Its government is an electoral director's seat on the Kitimat–Stikine Regional District board.There have bee ...
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