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Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor
The cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLTRs) include the following two receptors: * Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) * Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLTR2) The recently elucidated CysLTE, represented by GPR99/OXGR1, may constitute a third CysLTR. See also * Leukotriene receptor * Eicosanoid receptor Most of the eicosanoid receptors are integral membrane protein G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind and respond to eicosanoid signaling molecules. Eicosanoids are rapidly metabolized to inactive products and therefore are short-lived. A ... References G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals are typically chemical messengers which bind to a receptor and cause some form of cellular/tissue response, e.g. a change in the electrical activity of a cell. There are three main ways the action of the receptor can be classified: relay of signal, amplification, or integration. Relaying sends the signal onward, amplification increases the effect of a single ligand, and integration allows the signal to be incorporated into another biochemical pathway. Receptor proteins can be classified by their location. Transmembrane receptors include ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, and enzyme-linked hormone receptors. Intracellular receptors are those found inside the cell, and include cytoplasmic receptors and nuclear receptors. A molecule that binds to a receptor is called a ligand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, also termed CYSLTR1, is a receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) (see leukotrienes#Cysteinyl leukotrienes). CYSLTR1, by binding these cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; viz, LTC4, LTD4, and to a much lesser extent, LTE4) contributes to mediating various allergic and hypersensitivity reactions in humans as well as models of the reactions in other animals. Gene The human gene maps to the X chromosome at position Xq13-Xq21, contains three exons with the entire open reading frame located in exon 3, and codes for a protein composed of 337 amino acids. The ''CYSLTR1'' gene promoter region is distanced from 665 to 30 bp upstream of its transcription start site. Expression CYSLTR1 mRNA is expressed in lung smooth muscle, lung macrophages, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets, T cells, B lymphocytes, pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+), mast cells, pancreas, small intestine, prostate, interstitial cells of the nasal mucosa, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 2
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2, also termed CYSLTR2, is a receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) (see leukotrienes#Cysteinyl leukotrienes). CYSLTR2, by binding these cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; viz, LTC4, LTD4, and to a much lesser extent, LTE4) contributes to mediating various allergic and hypersensitivity reactions in humans. However, the first discovered receptor for these CsLTs, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1), appears to play the major role in mediating these reactions. Gene The human gene maps to the long arm of chromosome 13 at position 13q14, a chromosomal region that has long been linked to asthma and other allergic diseases. The gene consists of four exons with all introns located in the genes' 5' UTR region and the entire coding region located in the last exon. CysLTR2'' encodes a protein composed of 347 amino acids and shows only modest similarity to the ''CysLTR1'' gene in that its protein shares only 31% amino acid identity with the CysLTR1 protein. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPR99
2-Oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1), also known as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E (CysLTE) and GPR99, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the (also termed ''GPR99'') gene. The Gene has recently been nominated as a receptor not only for 2-oxogluterate (see alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) but also for the three cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), particularly leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and to far lesser extents LTC4 and LTE4. Recent studies implicate GPR99 as a cellular receptor which is activated by LTE4 thereby causing these cells to contribute to mediating various allergic and hypersensitivity responses. History In 2001, a gene projected to code for a G protein-like receptor protein was reported; the gene's apparent protein product was classified as an orphan receptor (i.e., a receptor whose activating ligand and function were unknown) and named ''GPR80''. The projected amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the ''GPR80'' gene bore similarities to a purinergic receptor, P2Y1, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leukotriene Receptor
The leukotriene (LT) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that bind and are activated by the leukotrienes. They include the following proteins: * Leukotriene B4 receptors (BLTRs) – bind to and are activated by LTB4: ** BLT1 ( Leukotriene B4 receptor 1) – ** BLT2 ( Leukotriene B4 receptor 2) – * Cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLTRs) – bind to and are activated by LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4: ** CysLT1 ( Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1) – ** CysLT2 ( Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2) – The recently elucidated CysLTE, represented by GPR99/OXGR1, may constitute a third CysLTR. See also * Eicosanoid receptor * Oxoeicosanoid receptor * Prostaglandin receptor * Thromboxane receptor The thromboxane receptor (TP) also known as the prostanoid TP receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TBXA2R'' gene, The thromboxane receptor is one among the five classes of prostanoid receptors and was the first eicosanoid re ... References External links IUPH ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eicosanoid Receptor
Most of the eicosanoid receptors are integral membrane protein G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind and respond to eicosanoid signaling molecules. Eicosanoids are rapidly metabolized to inactive products and therefore are short-lived. Accordingly, the eicosanoid-receptor interaction is typically limited to a local interaction: cells, upon stimulation, metabolize arachidonic acid to an eicosanoid which then binds cognate receptors on either its parent cell (acting as an Autocrine signalling molecule) or on nearby cells (acting as a Paracrine signalling molecule) to trigger functional responses within a restricted tissue area, e.g. an inflammatory response to an invading pathogen. In some cases, however, the synthesized eicosanoid travels through the blood (acting as a hormone-like messenger) to trigger systemic or coordinated tissue responses, e.g. prostaglandin (PG) E2 released locally travels to the hypothalamus to trigger a febrile reaction (see ). An example of a non-G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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