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Cynus (mythology)
Cynus ( grc, Κῦνος, Kynos) was the principal sea-port of the Opuntian Locrians, situated on a cape at the northern extremity of the Opuntian Gulf, opposite Aedepsus in Euboea, and at the distance of 60 ''stadia'' from Opus. Livy gives an incorrect idea of the position of Cynus, when he describes it as situated on the coast, at the distance of a mile from Opus. Cynus was an ancient town, being mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the ''Iliad''. It was reported to have been the residence of Deucalion and Pyrrha; the tomb of the latter was shown there. Beside Livy and Homer, Cynus is mentioned by other ancient authors, including Strabo, Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, and Ptolemy. Colonists from Cynus founded Autocane in Aeolis, situated opposite the island of Lesbos. It was one of the places that suffered the destruction caused by a tsunami that took place after an earthquake in 426 BCE. In 207 BCE, during the First Macedonian War, Cynus, which appears de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opuntian Locrians
Opuntian Locris or Eastern Locris was an ancient Greek region inhabited by the eastern division of the Locrians, the so-called tribe of the Locri Epicnemidii ( el, ) or Locri Opuntii (Greek: ). Geography Opuntian Locris consisted of a narrow slip upon the eastern coast of central Greece, from the pass of Thermopylae to the mouth of the river Cephissus. The northern frontier town was Alpeni, which bordered upon the Malians, and the southern frontier town was Larymna, which at a later time belonged to Boeotia. The Locrians, however, did not inhabit this coast continuously, but were separated by a narrow slip of Phocis, which extended to the North Euboean Gulf, and contained the Phocian seaport town of Daphnus. The Locrians north of Daphnus were called ''Epicnemidii'', from Mount Cnemis; and those south of this town were named ''Opuntii'', from Opus, their principal city. On the west, the Locrians were separated from Phocis and Boeotia by a range of mountains, extending from Mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeolis
Aeolis (; grc, Αἰολίς, Aiolís), or Aeolia (; grc, Αἰολία, Aiolía, link=no), was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islands (particularly Lesbos), where the Aeolian Greek city-states were located. Aeolis incorporated the southern parts of Mysia, and is bounded by it to the north, Ionia to the south, and Lydia to the east. Geography Aeolis was an ancient district on the western coast of Asia Minor. It extended along the Aegean Sea from the entrance of the Hellespont (now the Dardanelles) south to the Hermus River (now the Gediz River). It was named for the Aeolians, some of whom migrated there from Greece before 1000 BC. Aeolis was, however, an ethnological and linguistic enclave rather than a geographical unit. The district often was considered part of the larger northwest region of Mysia. History According to Homer's ''Odyssey'', Odysseus, after his st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elateia
Elateia ( el, Ελάτεια; grc, Ἐλάτεια) was an ancient Greek city of Phthiotis, and the most important place in that region after Delphi. It is also a modern-day town that is a former municipality in the southeastern part of Phthiotis. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is a municipal unit of the municipality Amfikleia-Elateia. Its population is 3,538 inhabitants (2011 census) and its land area is 154.361 km². The municipal seat was the town of Eláteia (pop. 2,372); other towns are Zeli (673), Panagítsa (266), Lefkochóri (123), Sfáka (93), and Katályma (11). History Ancient Elateia was situated about the middle of the great fertile basin that extends nearly 20 miles, from the narrows of the Cephissus River below Amphicleia, to the entrance into Boeotia. Hence it was admirably placed for commanding the passes into southern Greece from Mount Oeta, and became a post of great military importance. Pausanias describes it as situated over against Amphicl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalapodi
Kalapodi ( el, Καλαπόδι) is a modern Greek village in the Lokroi municipality, Phthiotis, Central Greece. Lokroi straddles the pass leading over the low mountains between the Bay of Atalantis in the Gulf of Euboea to the plains of Boeotia north of Lake Copais. The road is often termed the Atalanti-Livadeia. The community of Atalanti, the chief deme of Lokroi, overlooks the Bay of Atalantis, while Livadeia is the current capital of Voiotia. Geography Kalapodi is situated on the flank of the pass at the top in rolling upland. Mount Parnassus is visible to the southeast. On the west is Karagkiozis-Asprogies Wildlife Refuge, and on the west at a further distance Svarnias Wildlife Refuge, both mountainous. A subsidiary road connects Zeli, a mountain village, part of Kalapodi, on the north. The pass is sometimes called in English "the Valley of Kalapodi." On the east, just before the village, it branches to another pass, "the Valley of Exarchos," named after the municipality o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitrou
The archaeological site of -Mitrou is located on a tidal islet in the Gulf of Atalanti, in East Lokris in Central Greece. Excavation of the site is conducted under the direction of the American School of Classical Studies, and as of 2007 is ongoing. Finds from surface survey indicate human presence already in the Neolithic period; occupation continues throughout the Bronze Age and into the Early Iron Age. In addition to the settlement, a Bronze Age boat and burials dating to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages have been found close to the settlement. Part of the site's importance derives from the apparently continuous habitation here after the end of the Mycenaean palatial Bronze Age, with no gap apparent between the post-palatial Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This situation is mirrored in other Central Greek sites, such as Lefkandi, Kalapodi, Elateia, and Pyrgos Livanaton/Kynos Cynus ( grc, Κῦνος, Kynos) was the principal sea-port of the Opuntian Locrians, situated on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly applied to Iron Age Europe and the Ancient Near East, but also, by analogy, to other parts of the Old World. The duration of the Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. It is defined by archaeological convention. The "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has advanced to the point where iron tools and weapons replace their bronze equivalents in common use. In the Ancient Near East, this transition took place in the wake of the Bronze Age collapse, in the 12th century BC. The technology soon spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin region and to South Asia (Iron Age in India) between the 12th and 11th century BC. Its further spread to Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Central Europe is somewhat dela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system proposed in 1836 by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen for classifying and studying ancient societies and history. An ancient civilization is deemed to be part of the Bronze Age because it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze is harder and more durable than the other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage. While terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, the higher temperature required for smelting, , in addition to the greater difficulty of working with the metal, placed it out of reach of common use until the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamia (city)
Lamia ( el, Λαμία, ''Lamía'', ) is a city in central Greece. The city dates back to antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region (comprising five regional units). According to the 2011 census, the Municipality of Lamia has a population of 75.315 while Lamia itself a population of 52,006 inhabitants. The city is located on the slopes of Mount Othrys, near the river Spercheios. It serves as the agricultural center of a fertile rural and livestock area. Name One account says that the city was named after the mythological figure of Lamia, the daughter of Poseidon and queen of the Trachineans. Another holds that it is named after the Malians, the inhabitants of the surrounding area. In the Middle Ages, Lamia was called Zetounion (Ζητούνιον), a name first encountered in the 8th Ecumenical Council in 869. It was known as Girton under Frankish rule following the Fourth Crusade and later El Citó when it was contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livanates
Livanates ( el, Λιβανάτες) is a seaside town (population in 2011: 2,559) in Phthiotis, central Greece. It is located 68 km southeast of Lamia and it was the seat of the municipality of Dafnousia between 1997 and 2011. History Kynos, an ancient settlement site, can be found at the edge of the town. The medieval settlement was established by Arvanites. Livanates has been attested since 1540 as an Arvanite settlement. The Arvanitic dialect spoken in Livanates has some unique features that differentiate it from the other Arvanitic dialects. Livanates had 1,021 people in the 1890s. In April 1894, a strong earthquake ravaged the town, killed 5 residents and injured 20 more. During the occupation in World War II, Canada saved many Athenians from starvation by donating wheat, potatoes, chick peas and cottons, as well as vegetables. During that period, Kynos hill was used for its military base as a camp and a prison. Economy The region produces meat, fish, potatoes, tomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcis
Chalcis ( ; Ancient Greek & Katharevousa: , ) or Chalkida, also spelled Halkida (Modern Greek: , ), is the chief town of the island of Euboea or Evia in Greece, situated on the Euripus Strait at its narrowest point. The name is preserved from antiquity and is derived from the Greek χαλκός (copper, bronze), though there is no trace of any mines in the area. In the Late Middle Ages, it was known as Negropont(e), an Italian name that has also been applied to the entire island of Euboea. History Ancient Greece The earliest recorded mention of Chalcis is in the Iliad, where it is mentioned in the same line as its rival Eretria. It is also documented that the ships set for the Trojan War gathered at Aulis, the south bank of the strait near the city. Chamber tombs at Trypa and Vromousa dated to the Mycenaean period were excavated by Papavasiliou in 1910. In the 8th and 7th centuries BC, colonists from Chalcis founded thirty townships on the peninsula of Chalcidice and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus (fl. late 3rd to early 2nd century BC) was a Roman military officer and Senator who was elected Roman consul A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politic ... twice, and appointed Roman dictator, dictator once. He fought in the Second Punic War and the First and Second Macedonian Wars. First consulship and the First Macedonian War A member of the Patrician (ancient Rome), Patrician ''Sulpicia (gens), gens Sulpicia'', Sulpicius Galba was the son of Servius Sulpicius Galba. Although he had held no previous Roman magistrate, curule magistracy, the crisis of the Second Punic War saw him elected Roman consul, consul in 211 BC, alongside Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus Maximus. Entering his office on the Roman calendar, Ides of March, both consuls defended the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emporium (antiquity)
An emporium refers to a trading post, factory, or market of Classical antiquity, derived from the grc, ἐμπόριον, (empórion), which becomes la, emporium. The plural is ''emporia'' in both languages, although in Greek the plural undergoes a semantic shift to mean "merchandise". ''Emporium'' is a term that has also been used to describe the centres of heightened trade during the Early Middle Ages. ''Emporia'' varied greatly in their level of activity. Some seem to have functioned much like the permanent European trading colonies in China, India and Japan in the early modern period or those of the mediaeval Italian maritime republics in the Levant. Others were probably annual events for a few days or weeks like the medieval Champagne fairs or modern trade fairs. Examples Famous ''emporia'' include: Elim, where Hatshepsut kept her Red Sea fleet; Elat, where Thebes was supplied with mortuary materials, linen, bitumen, naphtha, frankincense, myrrh and carved stone am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
