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Cyclopentadienyl Nickel Nitrosyl
Cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl is a highly toxic organonickel chemical. In its pure form, it is a diamagnetic, volatile, relatively air-stable liquid with a blood-red color. It has been reported to be the simplest mono- cyclopentadienyl metal complex. The chemical was discovered in 1954 by a team at The International Nickel Company. The molecular formula is ( C5 H5) Ni N O. It can be prepared by treating nickelocene with nitric acid. It is extremely toxic (T+), and is considered to be one of the most poisonous Organometallic chemistry, organometallic chemicals ever developed. Its toxicity is said to be comparable to nickel tetracarbonyl. Due to its high toxicity, cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl has very limited usage. It was patented as a fuel additive and anti-caking agent, but it was never used for these purposes due to the health hazards it posed. In the past, it was also studied for its spectroscopic qualities, and saw limited use as a catalyst in organic chemical reactions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon
Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an element is the measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Description The combining capacity, or affinity of an ...—its atom making four electrons available to form covalent bond, covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three Isotopes of carbon, isotopes occur naturally, Carbon-12, C and Carbon-13, C being stable, while Carbon-14, C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the Timeline of chemical element discoveries#Ancient discoveries, few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th Abundance of elements in Earth's crust, most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the Abundance of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organometallic Chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and selenium, as well. Aside from bonds to organyl fragments or molecules, bonds to 'inorganic' carbon, like carbon monoxide (metal carbonyls), cyanide, or carbide, are generally considered to be organometallic as well. Some related compounds such as transition metal hydrides and metal phosphine complexes are often included in discussions of organometallic compounds, though strictly speaking, they are not necessarily organometallic. The related but distinct term " metalorganic compound" refers to metal-containing compounds lacking direct metal-carbon bonds but which contain organic ligands. Metal β-diketonates, alkoxides, dialkylamides, and metal phosphine complexes are repres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopentadienyl Complexes
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Cyclopentadienyl can refer to *Cyclopentadienyl anion, or cyclopentadienide, **Cyclopentadienyl ligand *Cyclopentadienyl radical, • *Cyclopentadienyl cation, See also *Pentadienyl In organic chemistry, pentadienyl refers to the organic radical, anion, or cation with the formula , where ''z'' = 0, −1, +1, respectively. Organometallic chemistry In organometallic chemistry, the pentadienyl anion is a ligand, the acyclic ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopentadiene
Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula C5H6.LeRoy H. Scharpen and Victor W. Laurie (1965): "Structure of cyclopentadiene". ''The Journal of Chemical Physics'', volume 43, issue 8, pages 2765-2766. It is often abbreviated CpH because the cyclopentadienyl anion is abbreviated Cp−. This colorless liquid has a strong and unpleasant odor. At room temperature, this cyclic diene dimer (chemistry), dimerizes over the course of hours to give dicyclopentadiene via a Diels–Alder reaction. This dimer can be retro-Diels–Alder reaction, restored by heating to give the monomer. The compound is mainly used for the production of cyclopentene and its derivatives. It is popularly used as a precursor to the cyclopentadienyl anion (Cp−), an important ligand in cyclopentadienyl complexes in organometallic chemistry. Production and reactions Cyclopentadiene production is usually not distinguished from dicyclopentadiene since they interconvert. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopentadienyl Complex
A cyclopentadienyl complex is a coordination complex of a metal and cyclopentadienyl groups (, abbreviated as Cp−). Cyclopentadienyl ligands almost invariably bind to metals as a pentahapto (''η''5-) bonding mode. The metal–cyclopentadienyl interaction is typically drawn as a single line from the metal center to the center of the Cp ring.Elschenbroich, C. "Organometallics" (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. Examples ''Bis''cyclopentadienyl complexes are called metallocenes. A famous example of this type of complex is ferrocene (FeCp2), which has many analogues for other metals, such as chromocene (CrCp2), cobaltocene (CoCp2), and nickelocene (NiCp2). When the Cp rings are mutually parallel the compound is known as a sandwich complex. This area of organometallic chemistry was first developed in the 1950s. Bent metallocenes are represented by compounds of the type Cp2Lx Some are catalysts for ethylene polymerization. Metallocenes are often thermally stable, and find use as cata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopentadienyl
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Cyclopentadienyl can refer to *Cyclopentadienyl anion, or cyclopentadienide, **Cyclopentadienyl ligand *Cyclopentadienyl radical, • *Cyclopentadienyl cation, See also *Pentadienyl In organic chemistry, pentadienyl refers to the organic radical, anion, or cation with the formula , where ''z'' = 0, −1, +1, respectively. Organometallic chemistry In organometallic chemistry, the pentadienyl anion is a ligand, the acyclic ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-caking Agent
An anticaking agent is an additive placed in powdered or granulated materials, such as table salt or confectioneries, to prevent the formation of lumps (caking) and for easing packaging, transport, flowability, and consumption. Caking mechanisms depend on the nature of the material. Crystalline solids often cake by formation of liquid bridge and subsequent fusion of microcrystals. Amorphous materials can cake by glass transitions and changes in viscosity. Polymorphic phase transitions can also induce caking. Some anticaking agents function by absorbing excess moisture or by coating particles and making them water-repellent. Calcium silicate (CaSiO3), a commonly used anti-caking agent, added to e.g. table salt, absorbs both water and oil. Anticaking agents are also used in non-food items such as road salt, fertilisers, cosmetics, and detergents. Some studies suggest that anticaking agents may have a negative effect on the nutritional content of food; one such study indicated t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel Additive
Petrol additives increase petrol's octane rating or act as corrosion inhibitors or lubricants, thus allowing the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and power. Types of additives include metal deactivators, corrosion inhibitors, oxygenates and antioxidants. Some additives are harmful and are regulated or banned in some countries. Additives * Oxygenates ** Alcohols: *** Methanol (MeOH) *** Ethanol (EtOH); see also common ethanol fuel mixtures *** Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) *** ''n''-butanol (BuOH) *** Gasoline grade ''t''-butanol (GTBA) ** Ethers: *** Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), now outlawed in many states of the U.S. for road use because of water contamination. *** Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) *** Tertiary hexyl methyl ether (THEME) *** Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) *** Tertiary amyl ethyl ether (TAEE) *** Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) * Antioxidants, stabilizers ** Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) ** 2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol ** 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nickel Tetracarbonyl
Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a nickel(0) organometallic compound with the formula Ni(CO)4. This colorless liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel. It is an intermediate in the Mond process for producing very high-purity nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry, although the Mond Process has fallen out of common usage due to the health hazards in working with the compound. Nickel carbonyl is one of the most dangerous substances yet encountered in nickel chemistry due to its very high toxicity, compounded with high volatility and rapid skin absorption. Structure and bonding In nickel tetracarbonyl, the oxidation state for nickel is assigned as zero. The formula conforms to 18-electron rule. The molecule is tetrahedral, with four carbonyl (carbon monoxide) ligands. Electron diffraction studies have been performed on this molecule, and the Ni–C and C–O distances have been calculated to be 1.838(2) and 1.141(2) angstroms respectively. Prepar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitric Acid
Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but older samples tend to be yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the solution contains more than 86% , it is referred to as ''fuming nitric acid''. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%, or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95%. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration – the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter.However, most of the universe's mass is not in the form of baryons or chemical elements. See dark matter and dark energy. Stars such as the Sun are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. Most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. For the most common isotope of hydrogen (symbol 1H) each atom has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. In the early universe, the formation of protons, the nuclei of hydrogen, occurred during the first second after the Big Bang. The emergence of neutral hydrogen atoms throughout the universe occurred about 370,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nickelocene
Nickelocene is the organonickel compound with the formula Ni( ''η''5-C5H5)2. Also known as bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel or NiCp2, this bright green paramagnetic solid is of enduring academic interest, although it does not yet have any known practical applications. Structure and bonding Ni(C5H5)2 belongs to a group of organometallic compounds called metallocenes. Metallocenes usually adopt structures in which a metal ion is sandwiched between two parallel cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. In the solid-state, the molecule has D5d symmetry, wherein the two rings are staggered. The Ni center has a formal +2 charge, and the Cp rings are usually assigned as cyclopentadienyl anions (Cp−), related to cyclopentadiene by deprotonation. The structure is similar to ferrocene. In terms of its electronic structure, three pairs of d electrons on nickel are allocated to the three d orbitals involved in Ni–Cp bonding: d''xy'', d''x''2–''y''2, d''z''2. The two remaining d-electrons each res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
