Cronobacter

	Cronobacter ''Cronobacter'' is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several ''Cronobacter'' species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D- sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D- cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L- rhamnose, L- arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D- maltose. ''Cronobacter'' spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production ( Voges–Proskauer test) and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus ''Cronobacter'' is ''Cronobacter sakazakii'' comb. nov. Clinical significance All ''Cronobacter'' species, except ''C. condimenti'', have been linked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Universalis ''Cronobacter'' is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several ''Cronobacter'' species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose. ''Cronobacter'' spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production ( Voges–Proskauer test) and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus ''Cronobacter'' is ''Cronobacter sakazakii'' comb. nov. Clinical significance All ''Cronobacter'' species, except ''C. condimenti'', have been linked retrospecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Condimenti ''Cronobacter'' is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several ''Cronobacter'' species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose. ''Cronobacter'' spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production ( Voges–Proskauer test) and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus ''Cronobacter'' is ''Cronobacter sakazakii'' comb. nov. Clinical significance All ''Cronobacter'' species, except ''C. condimenti'', have been linked retrospecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Sakazakii ''Cronobacter sakazakii'', which before 2007 was named ''Enterobacter sakazakii'', is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that can live in very dry places, otherwise known as xerotolerance. ''C. sakazakii'' utilizes a number of genes to survive desiccation and this xerotolerance may be strain specific. The majority of ''C. sakazakii'' cases are adults but low-birth-weight preterm neonatal and older infants are at the highest risk. The pathogen is a rare cause of invasive infection in infants, with historically high case fatality rates (40–80%). In infants it can cause bacteraemia, meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. Most neonatal ''C. sakazakii'' infections cases have been associated with the use of powdered infant formula with some strains able to survive in a desiccated state for more than two years. However, not all cases have been linked to contaminated infant formula. In November 2011, several shipments of Kotex tampons were recalled due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Malonaticus ''Cronobacter malonaticus'', formerly considered a subspecies of ''Cronobacter sakazakii ''Cronobacter sakazakii'', which before 2007 was named ''Enterobacter sakazakii'', is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that can live in very dry places, otherwise known as xerotolerance. ''C. sakazakii'' utilizes a ...'', is a bacterium. Its type strain is CDC 1058-77T (=LMG 23826T =DSM 18702T). References Further reading * * * * External links LPSNType strain of ''Cronobacter malonaticus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Enterobacteriaceae Bacteria described in 2008 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Dublinensis ''Cronobacter dublinensis'' is a bacterium. Its name pertains to Dublin, the origin of the type strain. The type strain is originally from a milk powder manufacturing facility (LMG 23823T =DSMZ 18705T). ''C. dublinensis'' sp. nov. is dulcitol negative and methyl-α-D- glucopyranoside positive and generally positive for indole Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other c ... production. References Further reading * * * External linksLPSNType strain of ''Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Muytjensii ''Cronobacter muytjensii'' is a bacterium. It is named after Harry Muytjens. Its type strain is ATCC 51329T (=CIP 103581T). It is indole, dulcitol, and malonate The conjugate acids are in :Carboxylic acids. {{Commons category, Carboxylate ions, Carboxylate anions Carbon compounds Oxyanions ... positive but palatinose and methyl-α-D- glucopyranoside negative. References Further reading * * * External links LPSNType strain of ''Cronobacter muytjensii'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Enterobacteriaceae Bacteria described in 2007 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronobacter Turicensis ''Cronobacter turicensis'' is a bacterium. It is usually food-borne and pathogenic. It is named after ''Turicum'', the Latin name of Zurich, as the type strain originates from there. Its type strain is strain 3032 (=LMG 23827T =DSMZ 18703T). This strain was first isolated from a fatal case of neonatal meningitis. ''C. Turicensis'' strains are indole negative but malonate, dulcitol Galactitol (dulcitol) is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose. It has a slightly sweet taste. In people with galactokinase deficiency, a form of galactosemia, excess dulcitol forms in the lens of the eye leading to cataracts. Gala ... and methyl-α-D- glucopyranoside positive. References Further reading * * External links LPSNType strain of ''Cronobacter turicensis'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Enterobacteriaceae Bacteria described in 2007 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae is a large family (biology), family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. In 2016, the description and members of this family were emended based on comparative genomic analyses by Adeolu et al. Enterobacteriaceae includes, along with many harmless Symbiosis, symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogenic bacteria, pathogens, such as ''Salmonella'', ''Escherichia coli'', ''Klebsiella'', and ''Shigella''. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include ''Enterobacter'' and ''Citrobacter''. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be Bacterial taxonomy#Nomenclature, trivially referred to as enterobacteria or "enteric bacteria",as several members live in the intestines of anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	International Journal Of Systematic And Evolutionary Microbiology The ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of microbial systematics that was established in 1951. Its scope covers the taxonomy, nomenclature, identification, characterisation, culture preservation, phylogeny, evolution, and biodiversity of all microorganisms, including prokaryotes, yeasts and yeast-like organisms, protozoa and algae. The journal is currently published monthly by the Microbiology Society. An official publication of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology Division), the journal is the single official international forum for the publication of new species names for prokaryotes. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cellobiose Cellobiose is a disaccharide with the formula (C6H7(OH)4O)2O. It is classified as a reducing sugar. In terms of its chemical structure, it is derived from the condensation of a pair of β-glucose molecules forming a β(1→4) bond. It can be hydrolyzed to glucose enzymatically or with acid. Cellobiose has eight free alcohol (OH) groups, one acetal linkage and one hemiacetal linkage, which give rise to strong inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. It is a white solid. It can be obtained by enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of cellulose and cellulose-rich materials such as cotton, jute, or paper. Cellobiose can be used as an indicator carbohydrate for Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome. Treatment of cellulose with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Raffinose Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose. It can be found in beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme which in the lumen of the human digestive tract is only produced by bacteria in the large intestine. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other α-galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. The enzyme does not cleave β-linked galactose, as in lactose. Chemical properties The raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) are alpha-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose, and the most common are the trisaccharide raffinose, the tetrasaccharide stachyose, and the pentasaccharide verbascose. RFOs are almost ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, being found in a large variety of seeds from many different families, and they rank second only to sucrose in abundance as soluble carbohydrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Melibiose Melibiose is a reducing disaccharide formed by an α-1,6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc). It differs from lactose in the chirality of the carbon where the galactose ring is closed and that the galactose is linked to a different point on the glucose moiety. It can be formed by invertase-mediated hydrolysis of raffinose, which produces melibiose and fructose. Melibiose can be broken down into its component saccharides, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme alpha-galactosidase, such as MEL1 from ''Saccharomyces pastorianus'' (lager yeast). Melibiose cannot be used by ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' () (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungus microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been o ...'' (ale yeast), this is one test to differentiate between the two yeast species. References {{reflist Disacchari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]