Cronartium

	Cronartium ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. '' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Cronartium Ribicola ''Cronartium ribicola'' is a species of rust fungus in the family Cronartiaceae that causes the disease white pine blister rust. Other names include: (French), (German), (Spanish). ''Cronartium ribicola'' is native to China, and was subsequently introduced to North America. Some European and Asian white pines (e.g. Macedonian pine, Swiss pine and blue pine) are mostly resistant to the disease, having co-evolved with the pathogen. It was accidentally introduced into North America in approximately 1900, where it is an invasive species causing serious damage to the American white pines, which have little genetic resistance. Mortality is particularly heavy in western white pine, sugar pine, limber pine and whitebark pine. Efforts are under way to select and breed the rare resistant individuals of these species; resistance breeding is concentrated at the United States Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center in Oregon and the Moscow Forestry Services Laboratory in Idaho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Arizonicum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. '' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Orientale ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Occidentale ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Flaccidum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Conigenum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Comptoniae ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. ''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Appalachianum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. ''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. ''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Comandrae ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution ''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. ''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. ''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Quercuum ''Cronartium quercuum'', also known as pine-oak gall rust is a fungal disease of pine (''Pinus'' spp.) and oak (''Quercus'' spp.) trees. Similar to pine-pine gall rust, this disease is found on pine trees but its second host is an oak tree rather than another pine. Hosts and symptoms The pathogen requires pine and oak trees to complete its life cycle. Aecial hosts in North America are two- and three-needled ''Pinus'' spieces. ''Pinus'' hosts include Austrian ('' P. nigra''), Jack pine ('' P. banksiana''), Mugo pine ('' P. mugo''), Red pine ('' P. resinosa''), Ponderosa pine ('' P. ponderosa''), and Scots pine ('' P. sylvestris''). Telial hosts are ''Quercus'' species. ''Quercus'' hosts are generally made up of the red oak group and include Northern pin oak ('' Q. ellipsoidalis''), Bur oak ('' Q. macrocarpa''), Pin oak ('' Q. palustris''), and Northern red oak (''Q. rubra''). Galls start to form as slight, rounded swelling on the tree stem, then grow to become spherical an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Rust (fungus) Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently accepted. Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants. However, each species has a very narrow range of hosts and cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust fungi cannot be grown easily in pure culture. A single species of rust fungi may be able to infect two different plant hosts in different stages of its life cycle, and may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, telia, and basidia in successive stages of reproduction. Each spore type is very host specific, and can typically infect only one kind of plant. Rust fungi are o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartiaceae The Cronartiaceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Uredinales. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...s of major economic importance, causing significant damage and (in some cases) heavy mortality in conifers. References * Hiratsuka, Y. et al. (1991). ''Rusts of pine. Proceedings of the IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference''. Forestry Canada Information Report NOR-X-317. External links Forestry Images: photos of some Cronartiaceae rusts Pucciniales Cronartiaceae {{Teliomycotina-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Cronartium ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. '' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Cronartium Ribicola ''Cronartium ribicola'' is a species of rust fungus in the family Cronartiaceae that causes the disease white pine blister rust. Other names include: (French), (German), (Spanish). ''Cronartium ribicola'' is native to China, and was subsequently introduced to North America. Some European and Asian white pines (e.g. Macedonian pine, Swiss pine and blue pine) are mostly resistant to the disease, having co-evolved with the pathogen. It was accidentally introduced into North America in approximately 1900, where it is an invasive species causing serious damage to the American white pines, which have little genetic resistance. Mortality is particularly heavy in western white pine, sugar pine, limber pine and whitebark pine. Efforts are under way to select and breed the rare resistant individuals of these species; resistance breeding is concentrated at the United States Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center in Oregon and the Moscow Forestry Services Laboratory in Idaho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Arizonicum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. '' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Orientale ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Occidentale ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. '' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Flaccidum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. '' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Conigenum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. '' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Comptoniae ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. '' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. ''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Appalachianum ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution '' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. ''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. ''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Comandrae ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution ''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. ''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. '' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. ''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. ''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. ''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. ''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartium Quercuum ''Cronartium quercuum'', also known as pine-oak gall rust is a fungal disease of pine (''Pinus'' spp.) and oak (''Quercus'' spp.) trees. Similar to pine-pine gall rust, this disease is found on pine trees but its second host is an oak tree rather than another pine. Hosts and symptoms The pathogen requires pine and oak trees to complete its life cycle. Aecial hosts in North America are two- and three-needled ''Pinus'' spieces. ''Pinus'' hosts include Austrian ('' P. nigra''), Jack pine ('' P. banksiana''), Mugo pine ('' P. mugo''), Red pine ('' P. resinosa''), Ponderosa pine ('' P. ponderosa''), and Scots pine ('' P. sylvestris''). Telial hosts are ''Quercus'' species. ''Quercus'' hosts are generally made up of the red oak group and include Northern pin oak ('' Q. ellipsoidalis''), Bur oak ('' Q. macrocarpa''), Pin oak ('' Q. palustris''), and Northern red oak (''Q. rubra''). Galls start to form as slight, rounded swelling on the tree stem, then grow to become spherical an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Rust (fungus) Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently accepted. Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants. However, each species has a very narrow range of hosts and cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust fungi cannot be grown easily in pure culture. A single species of rust fungi may be able to infect two different plant hosts in different stages of its life cycle, and may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, telia, and basidia in successive stages of reproduction. Each spore type is very host specific, and can typically infect only one kind of plant. Rust fungi are o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cronartiaceae The Cronartiaceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Uredinales. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...s of major economic importance, causing significant damage and (in some cases) heavy mortality in conifers. References * Hiratsuka, Y. et al. (1991). ''Rusts of pine. Proceedings of the IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference''. Forestry Canada Information Report NOR-X-317. External links Forestry Images: photos of some Cronartiaceae rusts Pucciniales Cronartiaceae {{Teliomycotina-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]