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Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Theater In Great Turkish War
Croatian-Slavonian theater in Great Turkish War, concerns military operations undertaken during Great Turkish War of 1684-1689 by the forces of Holy League against the Ottoman Empire on territories of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia. The war was concluded by Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, which significantly eased off the Ottoman grip off Croatia. Prelude Croatian-Ottoman Wars Following the Ottoman conquest of Kingdom of Bosnia in 1463, the territories of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia came under ever increasing Ottoman pressure. Initially, armies led by Croatian nobles resisted frequent akinji and martolos incursions, and even scored some victories such as the Battle of Una and Battle of Vrpile Pass. However, the regular attacks which usually came once a year, eventually proved to be too much for Croatia to handle alone and they culminated in Croatian defeat at Battle of Krbava Field in 1493, where much of Croatian nobility was killed. Lack of funds and poor help from the wea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Turkish War
The Great Turkish War (german: Großer Türkenkrieg), also called the Wars of the Holy League ( tr, Kutsal İttifak Savaşları), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and Habsburg Hungary. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory, in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was significant also by being the first time that Russia was involved in an alliance with Western Europe. The French did not join the Holy League, as France had agreed to reviving an informal Franco-Ottoman alliance in 1673, in exchange for Louis XIV being recognized as a protector of Catholics in the Ottoman regime. Initially, Louis XIV took advantage of the start of the war to extend Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hofkriegsrat
The ''Hofkriegsrat'' (or Aulic War Council, sometimes Imperial War Council) established in 1556 was the central military administrative authority of the Habsburg monarchy until 1848 and the predecessor of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of War. The agency was directly subordinated to the Habsburg emperors with its seat in Vienna. History Permanent councils of war had already been summoned by the Habsburg emperor Maximilian I about 1500. The council was initially called a regiment, and later a secret body, state government, court council or state council. In 1529 it was considered necessary to establish an independent war council but the negotiations remained unsuccessful for a long time. On February 25, 1531, Ferdinand I issued an instruction in Linz, which ordered the compilation of an independent war council consisting of four war councilors. Founded on 17 November 1556 in the reign of Emperor Ferdinand I, the ''Steter Kriegsrat'' (Permanent War Council) was a council of five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akinji
Akinji or akindji ( ota, آقنجى, aḳıncı, lit=raider, ; plural: ''akıncılar'') were irregular light cavalry, scout divisions (deli) and advance troops of the Ottoman Empire's military. When the pre-existing Turkish ghazis were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire's military they became known as "akıncı." Unpaid, they lived and operated as raiders on the frontiers of the Ottoman Empire, subsisting on plunder. There is a distinction made between "akıncı" and "deli" cavalry. History In war their main role was to act as advance troops on the front lines and demoralise the marching opposing army by using guerrilla tactics, and to put them in a state of confusion and shock. They could be likened to a scythe in a wheat field. They would basically hit the enemy with arrows. When attacked in melee, they would retreat while still shooting backwards. They could easily outrun heavy cavalry because they were lightly armed and their horses were bred for speed as opposed to str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, stretching from the island of Rab in the north to the Bay of Kotor in the south. The Dalmatian Hinterland ranges in width from fifty kilometres in the north, to just a few kilometres in the south; it is mostly covered by the rugged Dinaric Alps. List of islands of Croatia, Seventy-nine islands (and about 500 islets) run parallel to the coast, the largest (in Dalmatia) being Brač, Pag (island), Pag, and Hvar. The largest city is Split, Croatia, Split, followed by Zadar and Šibenik. The name of the region stems from an Illyrians, Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, who lived in the area in classical antiquity. Later it became a Dalmatia (Roman province), Roman province, and as result a Romance languages, Romance culture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Conquest Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a process that started roughly in 1386, when the first Ottoman attacks on the Kingdom of Bosnia took place. In 1451, more than 65 years after its initial attacks, the Ottoman Empire officially established the Bosansko Krajište (Bosnian Frontier), an interim borderland military administrative unit, an Ottoman frontier, in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1463, the Kingdom fell to the Ottomans, and this territory came under its firm control. Herzegovina gradually fell to the Ottomans by 1482. It took another century for the western parts of today's Bosnia to succumb to Ottoman attacks, ending with the capture of Bihać in 1592. Origins and etymology The entire territory that is today known as Bosnia and Herzegovina was not conquered by the Ottoman Empire at once, in a single battle; rather, it took the Ottoman Empire several decades to conquer it. Military units of the Ottoman Empire made many raids into feudal principalities in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy League (1684)
The Holy League (Latin: Sacra Ligua) of 1684 was a coalition of European nations formed during the Great Turkish War. Born out of the Treaty of Warsaw, it was founded as a means to prevent further Ottoman expansion into Europe. This consolidation of a large portion of Europe's military might led to unprecedented military successes, with large areas of previously ceded land recovered in Morea, Dalmatia and Danubia in what has been dubbed a "14th crusade". The formation of the League has been recognised as a turning point in Ottoman history. By forcing the surrender of the Empire on multiple occasions, it shifted the balance of power away from the Ottomans, leading to a diminished Ottoman presence in Europe and the subsequent dissolution of the League in 1699. Background and origins Ottoman imperialism The Ottoman Empire had annexed much of Eastern Europe under the control of grand vizier Mehmed IV through multiple successful conquests. After Poland’s surrender of most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha (" Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha the Nephew"; in sq, Hysein Pashë Kypriljoti) (1644–1702) of the Köprülü family, was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Mustafa II from September 1697 until September 1702.Shaw, Stanford J. (1976), ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey Vol.1 Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire'', Cambridge:Cambridge University Press Amcazade Koprulu Huseyin Pasha was close to ordinary Ottoman Muslim subjects being a member of the Mevlevi Order. He was known to be concerned with the needs of the common people as well as those of the military and bureaucratic classes. Earlier years Amcazade Huseyin was born in 1644 and was the son of Hasan Ağa Kypriljoti, the brother of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, and for this reason he has the cognonom of "amcazade (nephew)". We have little of his youth and education. His father had agricultural estates at the Turkish village of "Kozluca" in prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugene Of Savoy
Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy–Carignano, (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) better known as Prince Eugene, was a field marshal in the army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th and 18th centuries. He was one of the most successful military commanders of his time, and rose to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna. Born in Paris, Eugene was brought up in the court of King Louis XIV of France. Based on the custom that the youngest sons of noble families were destined for the priesthood, the Prince was initially prepared for a clerical career, but by the age of 19, he had determined on a military career. Based on his poor physique and bearing, and maybe due to a scandal involving his mother Olympe, he was rejected by Louis XIV for service in the French army. Eugene moved to Austria and transferred his loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire. In a career spanning six decades, Eugene served three Holy Roman emperors: Leop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stojan Janković
Stojan Janković Mitrović ( sr-cyr, Стојан Јанковић Митровић; also known as ''Stoian Jancovich Mitrovich'', ''Stoian Mitrovich'', ''Stoiano Mitrovich''; about 1636 – 23 August 1687) was the commander of the Morlach troops in the service of the Republic of Venice, from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the Cretan and Great Turkish War, as the supreme commander of the Venetian Morlach troops, of which he is enumerated in Croatian and Serbian epic poetry. He was one of the best-known uskok/hajduk leaders of Dalmatia. Life Origin Stojan was born in ca. 1636, somewhere in the mountainous Bukovica region in northern Dalmatia, modern-day Croatia, presumably in the village of Žegar, or Zelengrad. The village itself lied above the Žegar field, from where the population had long "jumped into" (i.e. guerilla warfare) the Dinara, the Venetian-Ottoman border for centuries. His father was '' harambaša'' Janko Mitrović (1613–1659), another re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girolamo Cornaro
Girolamo is an Italian variant of the name Hieronymus. Its English equivalent is Jerome. It may refer to: * Girolamo Cardano (1501–1576), Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler * Girolamo Cassar (c. 1520 – after 1592), Maltese architect and military engineer * Girolamo da Cremona ( fl. 1451–1483), Italian Renaissance painter * Girolamo della Volpaia, Italian clock maker * Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553), Italian physician, scholar, poet and atomist * Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643), Italian musician * Girolamo Maiorica (c. 1591–1656), Italian Jesuit missionary to Vietnam * Girolamo Luxardo (1821–), Italian liqueur factory * Girolamo Masci (1227–1292), Pope Nicholas IV (1288–1292) * Girolamo Palermo, American mobster * Girolamo Porro (c. 1520 – after 1604), Italian engraver * Girolamo Riario (1443–1488), Lord of Imola and Forlì * Girolamo Romani (1485–1566), Italian High Renaissance painter * Girolamo Savonarola (1452–1498), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavao Ritter Vitezović
Pavao Ritter Vitezović (; 7 January 1652 – 20 January 1713) was a Habsburg-Croatian polymath, variously described as a historian, linguist, publisher, poet, political theorist, diplomat, printmaker, draughtsman, cartographer, writer and printer. Life Early life Pavao Ritter Vitezović was born as Pavao Ritter in Senj, the son of a frontier soldier. His father was a descendant of an ethnic German immigrant from Alsace, and his mother was Croat. He finished six grades of the Jesuit-run gymnasium in Zagreb before moving to Rome, where he stayed at the Illyrian College and met the renowned Dalmatian historian Ivan Lučić. He then moved to the castle of Bogenšperk (german: Wagensberg) near the town of Litija in Carniola (now in Slovenia), where natural historian Johann Weikhard von Valvasor influenced him to study his national history and geography. There he also learned German and the skills of printing and etching. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Zrinski
Adam Zrinski ( hu, Zrínyi Ádám) (Vienna, 24 December 1662 – Battle of Slankamen, Slankamen, 19 August 1691) was a Croatian count and Officer (armed forces), officer in Habsburg monarchy army service, a member of the Zrinski noble family. Life Adam Zrinski was the son of Ban of Croatia, Croatian Ban (viceroy) Nikola VII Zrinski, Nikola Zrinski (1620–1664) and his second wife Maria Sophia Löbl, an Archduchy of Austria, Austrian baroness. His father was killed on 18 November 1664 in a hunting accident by a wounded Wild Boar, wild boar (however in suspicious circumstances), when Adam was only two years old. So he grew up with his mother (until her death in 1676) and sister Marija Katarina ( en, Mary Catherine), finishing high education at University of Vienna and in Belgium. In 1681 Adam came back to his father's Čakovec estate in the Međimurje County, the northernmost part of Croatia, and took part in battles against the Ottoman empire, Ottomans, like many of his ancesto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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