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Cram
Cram may refer to: * Cram (surname), a surname, and list of notable persons having the surname * Cram.com, a website for creating and sharing flashcards * Cram (Australian game show), a television show * ''Cram'' (game show), a TV game show that aired on the Game Show Network * Cram (game), an impartial mathematical game similar to domineering * Cram (software), a flashcard application for Apple devices * Cram Motorsport, an auto racing team based in Italy CRAM may refer to: * NCR CRAM, Card Random-Access Memory, a computer memory technology developed by NCR * Chalcogenide RAM, Chalcogenide random access memory, a phase-change computer memory technology * Challenge–response authentication mechanism, a computer security procedure * Counter-RAM, Counter-Rockets, Artillery and Mortars, a weapons system * MS-CRAM, also known as Microsoft Video 1, a codec * CRAM diet, the Cereal, Rice, And Milk diet * CRAM (file format), a compressed genome sequence alignment file See also * Cra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram (surname)
Cram is a surname, and may refer to * Alastair Cram (1909–1994), Scottish mountaineer, lawyer and Second World War British Army officer * Allen Gilbert Cram (1886–1947), American painter * Bobby Cram (1939–2007), English footballer * Cleveland Cram (1917–1999), American CIA station chief and historian * Donald J. Cram (1919–2001), Nobel Prize–winning American chemist * Edith Claire Cram (1880–1960), American peace activist and heiress * Eloise Blaine Cram (1896–1957), American parasitologist * George F. Cram (1842–1928), American map publisher * George Henry Cram (1838–1872), Union Army colonel during the American Civil War * Holly Cram (born 1984), Scottish field hockey player * Jerry Cram (born 1947), American former baseball pitcher and coach * Mildred Cram (1889–1985), American writer * Ralph Adams Cram (1863–1942), American architect * Ralph W. Cram (1869–1952), American newspaper publisher and aviator * Scott Cram Scott Cram (born 30 Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramming (education)
In education, cramming is the practice of working intensively to absorb large volumes of information in short amounts of time. It is often done by students in preparation for upcoming exams, especially just before them. Usually the student's priority is to obtain shallow recall suited to a superficial examination protocol, rather than to internalize the deep structure of the subject matter. Cramming is often discouraged by educators because the hurried coverage of material tends to result in poor long-term retention of material, a phenomenon often referred to as the spacing effect. Despite this, educators nevertheless widely persist in the use of superficial examination protocols, because these questions are easier to compose, quicker (and therefore cheaper for the institution) to grade, and objective on their own terms. When cramming, one attempts to focus only on studies and to forgo unnecessary actions or habits. In contrast with cramming, active learning and critical thinki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram (Australian Game Show)
''Cram'' (stylised as ''CRAM!'') was an Australian game show hosted by Peter Helliar, which premiered on Network Ten on 2 November 2017 until 14 December 2017. The premiere was negatively received by viewers, with ratings dwindling as the season progressed and the show rating outside of the top 20 shows of the day for the season finale. On 9 November 2017, Channel Ten announced at their yearly upfronts event that the show would return for a second season in 2018, after only one episode of the first season had aired. However, a second season never materialised. The first season did not secure a spot in the top 100 watched free-to-air shows in 2017. Format The format pits two teams of comedians and celebrities tested on their memories across general knowledge categories. Each category will be introduced with a “cram”: a brief video on any subject. The team that recalls the most facts is the winner. The teams are captained by comedian Dilruk Jayasinha and actress Virginia Gay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram (game)
Cram is a mathematical game played on a sheet of graph paper. It is the impartial version of Domineering and the only difference in the rules is that each player may place their dominoes in either orientation, but it results in a very different game. It has been called by many names, including "plugg" by Geoffrey Mott-Smith, and "dots-and-pairs." Cram was popularized by Martin Gardner in ''Scientific American''. Rules The game is played on a sheet of graph paper, with any set of designs traced out. It is most commonly played on rectangular board like a 6×6 square or a checkerboard, but it can also be played on an entirely irregular polygon or a cylindrical board. Two players have a collection of dominoes which they place on the grid in turn. A player can place a domino either horizontally or vertically. Contrary to the related game of Domineering, the possible moves are the same for the two players, and Cram is then an impartial game. As for all impartial games, there are tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram (software)
Cram is an application for Apple's OS X and iOS developed by Patrick Chukwura and Ashli Norton of SimpleLeap Software. The software is a flashcard application which allows users to prepare for various types of subject matter using flashcards and multiple choice tests. By entering the question and answer of the test in Cram, the application presents the information in test or flashcard format, which then allows the user to study the entered information at any time. Apart from the core functionality of Cram, other features of the application include the use of images and sound that are integrated on the flashcard and practice tests as they study and test database that allows the user to download and share tests with other users. Cram also provides functions to study from an iPhone with flashcards and multiple-choice tests. Cram is available as shareware, which will block itself after creating five tests with five questions each. See also * List of flashcard software This art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram
Cram may refer to: * Cram (surname), a surname, and list of notable persons having the surname * Cram.com, a website for creating and sharing flashcards * Cram (Australian game show), a television show * ''Cram'' (game show), a TV game show that aired on the Game Show Network * Cram (game), an impartial mathematical game similar to domineering * Cram (software), a flashcard application for Apple devices * Cram Motorsport, an auto racing team based in Italy CRAM may refer to: * NCR CRAM, Card Random-Access Memory, a computer memory technology developed by NCR * Chalcogenide RAM, Chalcogenide random access memory, a phase-change computer memory technology * Challenge–response authentication mechanism, a computer security procedure * Counter-RAM, Counter-Rockets, Artillery and Mortars, a weapons system * MS-CRAM, also known as Microsoft Video 1, a codec * CRAM diet, the Cereal, Rice, And Milk diet * CRAM (file format), a compressed genome sequence alignment file See also * Cra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram (game Show)
''Cram'' is an American game show which aired on Game Show Network in 2003. The show featured two teams, each composed of two contestants. For 24 hours before taping, the contestants were sequestered, sleep deprived at a storefront (located at the then named Kodak Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard, which is now called the Dolby Theatre). Contestants were then escorted to Sony Pictures Studios, in Culver City, California, where the actual gameplay would commence; with the intent of the contestants staying awake, and "cramming" various material such as trivia questions and jokes, which they would then answer on the show while attempting physical stunts in an attempt to stay awake. Graham Elwood was the show's host, with assistance from Berglind Icey, Arturo Gil, and Andrea Hutchman. Format The Rant Two teams, each with two members each, forming a pre-existing relationship, are introduced to the audience. To start, both teams were given a default consolation of 100 points. Round one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramming (fraud)
Cramming is a form of fraud in which small charges are added to a bill by a third party without the subscriber's consent, approval, authorization or disclosure. These may be disguised as a tax, some other common fee or a bogus service, and may be several dollars or even just a few cents. The crammer's intent is that the subscriber will overlook and ultimately pay these small charges without them knowing what it's all about. According to the U.S. National Association of Attorneys General, cramming was the 4th most common consumer complaint of 2007 in the United States. Types There are various forms of cramming. Phone cramming Phone cramming is the practice of placing unauthorized charges on a telecommunication subscriber's home or mobile telephone bill. Cramming is most common in the US, where the breakup of the Bell System left subscribers with different vendors for local and long-distance service. LEC billing consolidated charges from multiple vendors on one bill, but open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cram Motorsport
Cram Motorsport (formerly known as Cram Competition) is an auto racing team based in Italy. Cram started in 1994 out of the Tatuus Tatuus is an Italian chassis manufacturer for a series of formula racing series, being first founded in 1980. The company is known for its association with Renault Sport for its production of the Formula Renault chassis. History The Tatuus ... racing department. It has participated in Formula Alfa Boxer, Formula Renault 2000, Formula 3 Germany, Formula Master, Formula Renault World Series, Formula Abarth, Porsche Carrera Cup, Formula Renault 2.0 and FIA Formula 4. Current series results Formula 4 UAE Championship Italian F4 Championship F4 Spanish Championship Former Series Results Italian GT Championship - GT4 Am Timeline References External links * Italian auto racing teams World Series Formula V8 3.5 teams Formula Renault Eurocup teams International Formula Masters teams {{Motorsport-stub British Formula Renault teams G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCR CRAM
CRAM, or Card Random-Access Memory, model 353-1, was a data storage device invented by NCR Corporation, NCR, which first appeared on their model NCR-315 mainframe computer in 1962. It was also available for NCR's third generation NCR Century 100, NCR Century series as the NCR/653-100. A CRAM cartridge contained 256 3x14 inch cards with a PET film (biaxially oriented), PET film magnetic recording surface. Each "deck" of cards could contain up to 5.5 MB of alphanumeric characters. The cards were suspended from eight d-section rods, which were selectively rotated to release a specific card, each card having a unique pattern of notches at one end. The selected card was dropped and wrapped around a rotating drum to be read or written. Each cartridge could store 5.5 MB. Later versions of the CRAM, the 353-2 and 353-3, used decks of 512 cards, thus doubling the storage capacity of each unit. Each card contains seven tracks containing 1550 slab (NCR), slabs (12 bits each). Norma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRAM (file Format)
Compressed Reference-oriented Alignment Map (CRAM) is a compressed columnar file format for storing biological sequences aligned to a reference sequence, initially devised by Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz ''et al''. CRAM was designed to be an efficient reference-based alternative to the Sequence Alignment Map (SAM) and Binary Alignment Map (BAM) file formats. It optionally uses a genomic reference to describe differences between the aligned sequence fragments and the reference sequence, reducing storage costs. Additionally each column in the SAM format is separated into its own blocks, improving compression ratio. CRAM files typically vary from 30 to 60% smaller than BAM, depending on the data held within them. Implementations of CRAM exist in htsjdk, htslib, JBrowse, and Scramble. The file format specification is maintained by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) with the specification document available from the EBI cram toolkit page. File format The basic stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRAMM
{{More citations needed, date=September 2022 CRAMM (CCTA Risk Analysis and Management Method) is a risk management methodology, currently on its fifth version, CRAMM Version 5.0. History CRAMM was created in 1987 by the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA), now renamed into Cabinet Office, of the United Kingdom government. Methodology CRAMM comprises three stages, each supported by objective questionnaires and guidelines. The first two stages identify and analyze the risks to the system. The third stage recommends how these risks should be managed. The three stages of CRAMM are as follows: Stage 1 The establishment of the objectives for security by: * Defining the boundary for the study for Risk Assessment * Identifying and valuing the physical assets that form part of the system; * Determining the 'value' of the data held by interviewing users about the potential business impacts that could arise from unavailability, destruction, disclosure or modification; * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |