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Craiova Prison
Craiova Prison is a prison located in Craiova, Romania. The prison was originally located outside the city, but was later included within its boundaries. When it was built of stone and brick in 1894–1897, it was a modern, horseshoe-shaped structure on three levels. Each of these had 30 cells; initially, the number of inmates did not exceed 300, but the total swelled to over 850 following the 1907 peasants’ revolt. Until 1944, it housed both common criminal and political prisoners, especially members of the banned Romanian Communist Party. These included Gheorghe Vasilichi, Constantin Doncea, and Dumitru Popescu, who managed to escape. Following the establishment of a communist regime in 1947, the number of political prisoners grew constantly; at first, these were mainly National Peasants' Party affiliates. While conditions were relatively mild during the first wave of arrests in 1945–1947, when the communists had not yet fully consolidated power, they worsened sharply in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craiova
Craiova (, also , ), is Romania's 6th Cities in Romania, largest city and capital of Dolj County, and situated near the east bank of the river Jiu River, Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the Danube, River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Ottoman Empire, Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned. Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called ''Cernele'' until 1996, when they were merged into the city. Etymology and names There are two possible etymologies for Craiova: Common Slavonic, Old Slavonic ''wikt:kral, kral'' ("king"), which has be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). Initially governing the country as part of a collective leadership, he consolidated power to become a dictator by the 1930s. Ideologically adhering to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, he formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are called Stalinism. Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He edited the party's newspaper, ''Pravda'', and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings and protection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polirom
Polirom or Editura Polirom ("Polirom" Publishing House) is a Romanian publishing house with a tradition of publishing classics of international literature and also various titles in the fields of social sciences, such as psychology, sociology and anthropology. The company was founded in February 1995. The first title published by Polirom was ''For Europe''. In 2008, the company published 700 new titles, in a range of over 70 collections ranging from self-help to modern classics such as Robert Musil's ''The Man Without Qualities'' and from text books to "chick-lit Chick lit is a term used to describe a type of popular fiction targeted at younger women. Widely used in the 1990s and 2000s, the term has fallen out of fashion with publishers while writers and critics have rejected its inherent sexism. Novels id ...". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adevărul
''Adevărul'' (; meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled ''Adevĕrul'') is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest. Founded in Iași, in 1871, and reestablished in 1888, in Bucharest, it was the main left-wing press venue to be published during the Romanian Kingdom's existence, adopting an independent pro- democratic position, advocating land reform, and demanding universal suffrage. Under its successive editors Alexandru Beldiman and Constantin Mille, it became noted for its virulent criticism of King Carol I. This stance developed into a republican and socialist agenda, which made ''Adevărul'' clash with the Kingdom's authorities on several occasions. As innovative publications which set up several local and international records during the early 20th century, ''Adevărul'' and its sister daily ''Dimineața'' competed for the top position with the right-wing ''Universul'' before and throughout the interwar period. In 1920, ''Adevărul'' also began publishing its prestigious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miron Cozma
Miron Cozma (born August 25, 1954) is a former Romanian labor-union organizer and politician, and leader of Romania's Jiu Valley coal miners' union. He is best known for his leading the miners of the Jiu Valley during the September 1991 Mineriad which overthrew the reformist Petre Roman government. Cozma was a controversial character in the 1990s, both within and outside of Jiu Valley. In 2011, he entered in politics and founded Worker's Social Democratic Party. Early life Born in Derna, Bihor, Miron Cozma studied to become an electromechanical assistant engineer. After graduation, he began working as a trainee at the Bărbăteni Mine, while living in Lupeni. He was also in charge with being the DJ of the town's disco. In 1977, he became an informant of the Securitate, using the code name "Paul", sending memos about co-workers until 1983. Trade union leadership In 1990, Cozma was working at the Lonea Coal Mine, being involved in the January 1990 Mineriad, when he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omar Hayssam
Omar Hayssam ( ar, عمر هيثم, born January 3, 1963) is a Syrian-born Romanian financier who was sentenced ''in absentia'' to 20 years in prison after a Romanian court found him guilty of masterminding the kidnapping of three Romanian journalists in Iraq in 2005. Early life Hayssam arrived in Bucharest as a student at the beginning of the 1980s, graduating from the Railroads, Roads and Bridges Faculty of the Bucharest Constructions Institute. He married Adela, had seven children, and became a Romanian citizen after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. Hayssam continued doing business after 1989, which resulted in problems with the Financial Guard. Kidnapping In the kidnapping incident, Prima TV reporter Marie Jeanne Ion, cameraman Sorin Mişcoci, and Ovidiu Ohanesian, a journalist working for the newspaper '' România Liberă'', were abducted on March 28, 2005 in Baghdad, where they were covering the Iraq War. According to reports, the group of kidnappers included Mahmoud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Wurmbrand
Richard Wurmbrand, also known as Nicolai Ionescu (24 March 1909 – 17 February 2001) was a Romanian Evangelical Lutheran priest, and professor of Jewish descent. In 1948, having become a Christian ten years before, he publicly said Communism and Christianity were incompatible. Wurmbrand preached at bomb shelters and rescued Jews during World War II. As a result, he experienced imprisonment and torture by the then-Communist regime of Romania, which maintained a policy of state atheism. After serving a total of fourteen years, he was ransomed for $10,000. His colleagues in Romania urged him to leave the country and work for religious freedom from a location less personally dangerous. After spending time in Norway and England, he and his wife Sabina, who had also been imprisoned, emigrated to America and dedicated the rest of their lives to publicizing and helping Christians who are persecuted for their beliefs. He wrote more than 18 books, the most widely known being ''Tortured f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Hudiță
Ioan is a variation on the name John found in Romanian, Bulgarian, Russian, Welsh (), and Sardinian. It is usually masculine. The female equivalent in Romanian and Bulgarian is Ioana. In Russia, the name Ioann is usually reserved for the clergy (when a person called Ivan becomes a priest or a monk, he becomes known as Ioann). People with the name Romanian * Ioan-Aurel Pop, historian * Ioan Alexandru, poet * Ioan Andone, footballer and coach * Ioan Apostol, luger * Ioan Baba, poet * Ioan A. Bassarabescu, writer and politician * Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Cantacuzino, microbiologist * Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia * Ioan CarlaonÈ›, World War II general * Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, novelist * Ioan Condruc, footballer * Ioan P. Culianu, historian and philosopher * Ioan Dumitrache, World War II general * Ioan Fiscuteanu, actor * Ioan FlueraÈ™, politician * Ioan Gherghel, swimmer * Ioan Iacob Heraclid, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Holender, opera a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan CarlaonÈ›
Ioan Carlaonț (19 October 1885 – 6 February 1952) was a Romanian major general, who led an anti-communist resistance movement in Oltenia after World War II. He was the older brother of General Dumitru Carlaonț. He was born in Miculești, Gorj County. After attending the Artillery Military School in Bucharest (1904–1906), he fought in World War I. He then pursued his studies at the Higher War School (1919–1920), after which he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1920, and then to colonel in 1926. Carlaonț commanded the 38th Regiment from 1926 to 1928, the Special Artillery School from 1928 to 1933, and the 2nd Artillery Brigade from 1933 to 1937. He was promoted to brigadier general on 1 April 1935, commanding the Vth Corps from 1937 to 1939 and the 11th Infantry Division from 1939 to 1940. After being promoted to major general on 6 June 1940, he retired from active duty two months later. After 1945, Carlaonț led the anti-communist National Resistance Movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corneliu Coposu
Corneliu (Cornel) Coposu () (20 May 1914 – 11 November 1995) was a Christian Democratic and liberal conservative Romanian politician, the founder of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party ( ro, Partidul NaÈ›ional Țărănesc CreÈ™tin Democrat), the founder of the Romanian Democratic Convention ( ro, ConvenÈ›ia Democratică), and a political detainee during the communist regime. His political mentor was Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953), the founder of the National Peasant Party (PNÈš), the most important political organization from the interwar period. He studied law and worked as a journalist. Biography Early life Corneliu Coposu was born in Bobota, Sălaj County, at that time in Austria-Hungary (now in Romania), to the Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Valentin Coposu (17 November 1886 – 28 July 1941) and his wife Aurelia Coposu (''née'' Anceanu, herself the daughter of Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Iuliu Anceanu). Corneliu had four sisters: Cornelia (1911â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radu Câmpeanu
Radu-Anton Câmpeanu (; 28 February 1922 - 19 October 2016) was a Romanian politician who was also jurist and economist by profession, after graduating from the University of Bucharest in November 1945. During the interwar period and up until 1945, he was the leader of the National Liberal students' association at nationwide level (the equivalent of today's National Liberal Youth Wing). While in exile in France, at some point in time due to the exile of Paul Goma and his arrival in France, Câmpeanu was suspected to have become an informer for the Securitate (the dreadful Romanian Communist secret police), but no conclusive evidence has been produced to support this allegation. Câmpeanu was the first president of the contemporary National Liberal Party (PNL) between 1990 and 1993, a political party he helped re-found in early January 1990, shortly after the fall of Communism, as well as a Senator on behalf of the PNL between 1990 and 1992, and then once more between 2004 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Penescu
Nicolae Penescu (28 February 1897 – 28 February 1981) was a Romanian lawyer and politician. A member of the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ), he was the Ministry of Administration and Interior (Romania), interior minister from 4 November to 6 December 1944. After spending years in prison and internal exile, he emigrated to France, where he was active in denouncing the Socialist Republic of Romania, Communist regime. Biography Early career and Interior Minister Born in Pitești, he attended primary and secondary school in his native city, followed by the Law faculty of the University of Bucharest. Admitted to the bar in 1921, he received his legal doctorate from the University of Paris in 1923. As a practising lawyer, he mainly represented business interests. He began his political career by joining the National Peasants' Party. Active in the Argeș County area, he took advantage of a PNȚ legislator from the county leaving the party, and was himself elected to the Chamber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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