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Crabronidae
The Crabronidae are a large paraphyletic group (nominally a family) of wasps, including nearly all of the species formerly comprising the now-defunct superfamily Sphecoidea. It collectively includes well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species. Crabronids were originally a part of Sphecidae, but the latter name is now restricted to a separate family based on what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. Several of the subfamilies of Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies (example below). Phylogeny This phylogenetic tree is based on Sann ''et al.'', 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined. These findings differ in several details from studie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crabronidae
The Crabronidae are a large paraphyletic group (nominally a family) of wasps, including nearly all of the species formerly comprising the now-defunct superfamily Sphecoidea. It collectively includes well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species. Crabronids were originally a part of Sphecidae, but the latter name is now restricted to a separate family based on what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. Several of the subfamilies of Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies (example below). Phylogeny This phylogenetic tree is based on Sann ''et al.'', 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined. These findings differ in several details from studie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphecidae
The Sphecidae are a cosmopolitan family of wasps of the suborder Apocrita that includes sand wasps, mud daubers, and other thread-waisted wasps. The name Sphecidae was formerly given to a much larger grouping of wasps. This was found to be paraphyletic, so most of the old subfamilies have been moved to the Crabronidae. Biology The biology of the Sphecidae, even under the restricted definition, is still fairly diverse; some sceliphrines even display rudimentary forms of sociality, and some sphecines rear multiple larvae in a single large brood cell. Many nest in pre-existing cavities, or dig simple burrows in the soil, but some species construct free-standing nests of mud and even (in one genus) resin. All are predatory and parasitoidal, but the type of prey ranges from spiders to various dictyopterans, orthopteroids and larvae of either Lepidoptera or other Hymenoptera; the vast majority practice mass provisioning, providing all the prey items prior to laying the egg. Phylo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthophila
Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea. They are presently considered a clade, called Anthophila. There are over 16,000 known species of bees in seven recognized biological families. Some speciesincluding honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless beeslive socially in colonies while most species (>90%)including mason bees, carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, and sweat beesare solitary. Bees are found on every continent except Antarctica, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated flowering plants. The most common bees in the Northern Hemisphere are the Halictidae, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Bees range in size from tiny stingless bee species, whose workers are less than long, to ''Megachile pluto'', the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bembicinae
The Bembicinae comprise a large subfamily of crabronid wasps that includes over 80 genera and over 1800 species which have a worldwide distribution. They excavate nests in the soil, frequently in sandy soils, and store insects of several orders, for example Diptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Odonata Odonata is an order of flying insects that includes the dragonflies and damselflies. Members of the group first appeared during the Triassic, though members of their total group, Odonatoptera, first appeared in Late Carboniferous. The two com ... in the burrows. Some species are kleptoparasites of other Bembicinae. The different subgroups of Bembicinae are each quite distinctive, and rather well-defined, with clear morphological and behavioral differences between them. Bembicines were originally a part of a single large family, the Sphecidae, then for many years were treated as a separate family, and recently have been placed back into a larger family, the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bembicini
The Bembicini, or sand wasps, are a large tribe of crabronid wasps, comprising 20 genera. Bembicines are predators on various groups of insects. The type of prey captured tends to be rather consistent within each genus, with flies (Diptera) being the most common type of prey taken. Nests are typically short, simple burrows, with a single enlarged chamber at the bottom which is stocked with freshly paralysed prey items for the developing wasp larva; the egg may sometimes be laid before the chamber is completely stocked. It is common for numerous females to excavate nests within a small area where the soil is suitable, creating large and sometimes very dense nesting aggregations, which tend to attract various species of parasitic flies and wasps, many of which are cleptoparasites; in some cases, the sand wasps prey on their own parasites, a surprisingly rare phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Although sand wasps are normally yellow and black, some are black and white with bright gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemphredoninae
The subfamily Pemphredoninae also known as the aphid wasps, is a large group in the wasp family Crabronidae, with over 1000 species. Historically, this subfamily has frequently been accorded family status. In some recent phylogenetic analyses, one of the subtribes within this group is the sister lineage to the superfamily Apoidea, and accorded family rank as Ammoplanidae along with Pemphredonidae and Psenidae so as to keep families monophyletic.Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn, and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 The subfamily consists of solitary wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground, or plant material, for nesting. As with all other sphecoid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasp
A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. The wasps do not constitute a clade, a complete natural group with a single ancestor, as bees and ants are deeply nested within the wasps, having evolved from wasp ancestors. Wasps that are members of the clade Aculeata can Stinger, sting their prey. The most commonly known wasps, such as yellowjackets and hornets, are in the family Vespidae and are Eusociality, eusocial, living together in a nest with an egg-laying queen and non-reproducing workers. Eusociality is favoured by the unusual haplodiploid system of sex-determination system, sex determination in Hymenoptera, as it makes sisters exceptionally closely related to each other. However, the majority of wasp species are solitary, with each adult female living and breeding independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphecius
Cicada killer wasps (genus ''Sphecius'') are large, solitary, ground-dwelling, predatory wasps. They are so named because they hunt cicadas and provision their nests with them, after stinging and paralyzing them. Twenty-one species worldwide are recognized. The highest diversity occurs in the region between North Africa and Central Asia. In North America, the term "cicada killer wasp" usually refers to the most well-known species, the eastern cicada killer (''S. speciosus''). A few other related genera also are sometimes referred to as "cicada killers", e.g. '' Liogorytes'' in South America and '' Exeirus'' in Australia. The use of cicadas as prey is in keeping with the typical behavior of the tribe Gorytini, which tend to specialize on various members of the Cicadomorpha as prey items. Species This list of species is probably complete as of March 31, 2009. It has been adapted from thCatalog of ''Sphecius'' species(California Academy of Sciences). Notable subspecies are also g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorytes
''Gorytes'' is a genus of sand wasps in the family Crabronidae. There are at least 70 described species in ''Gorytes''. Species These 75 species belong to the genus ''Gorytes'': * '' Gorytes abdominalis'' Cresson, 1865 * '' Gorytes aequalis'' Handlirsch, 1888 * '' Gorytes africanus'' Mercet, 1905 * '' Gorytes aino'' Tsuneki, 1963 * '' Gorytes albidulus'' (Lepeletier, 1832) * '' Gorytes albilabris'' (Lepeletier, 1832) * '' Gorytes albosignatus'' W. Fox, 1892 * '' Gorytes ambiguus'' Handlirsch, 1888 * '' Gorytes angustus'' (Provancher, 1895) * '' Gorytes atricornis'' Packard, 1867 * ''Gorytes atrifrons'' W. Fox, 1892 * '' Gorytes butleri'' (R. Bohart, 1969) * '' Gorytes californicus'' (R. Bohart, 1969) * ''Gorytes canaliculatus'' Packard, 1867 * ''Gorytes catalinae'' (R. Bohart, 1969) * ''Gorytes claripennis'' (R. Bohart, 1969) * ''Gorytes cochisensis'' R. Bohart, 1971 * ''Gorytes deceptor'' Krombein, 1958 * ''Gorytes divisus'' F. Smith, 1856 * '' Gorytes dorothyae'' Krombein, 195 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zyzzyx
''Zyzzyx'' is a monospecific genus of sand wasp, containing a brightly coloured, medium-sized species, ''Zyzzyx chilensis''. It is primarily a predator on flies Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ..., but has been observed to consume skippers. "''Zyzzyx''" is a replacement name proposed in 1937 by V. S. L. Pate for ''Therapon'', originally described by J. Parker in 1929. ''Z. chilensis'' is found in Chile, Peru, and Argentina. References Crabronidae Apoidea genera Biological pest control wasps Monotypic Hymenoptera genera Hymenoptera of South America {{Apoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astata
''Astata'' is a cosmopolitan genus of solitary predatory wasps in the subfamily Astatinae. They are known to prey on adults and nymphs of Pentatomidae. ''Astata'' is the largest genus in this subfamily, and is identified by features of its wing venation. The males of this genus and the related genus ''Dryudella'' have very large compound eyes that broadly meet at the top of the head. There are 94 species and subspecies of ''Astata'' worldwide, a few of which are listed here: *'' Astata affinis'' *'' Astata apostata'' Mercet, 1910 *'' Astata bicolor'' *''Astata boops ''Astata boops'' is a Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists ...'' (Schrank, 1781) *'' Astata brevitarsus'' Puławski, 1958 *'' Astata costae'' A. Costa, 1867 *'' Astata diversipes'' Puławski, 1955 *'' Astata gallica'' de Beaumont, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammoplanina
Ammoplanina is a subtribe of aphid wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. There are about 10 genera and at least 130 described species in Ammoplanina. In some phylogenetic analyses, this group is the sister lineage to the bees, and accorded family rank as Ammoplanidae so as to keep families monophyletic.Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn, and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 Genera These 10 genera belong to the subtribe Ammoplanina: * '' Ammoplanellus'' Gussakovskij, 1931 * '' Ammoplanops'' Gussakovskij, 1931 * ''Ammoplanus'' Giraud, 1869 * '' Ammostigmus'' Antropov, 2010 * '' Mohavena'' Pate, 1939 * '' Parammoplanus'' Pate, 1939 * '' Protostigmus'' Turner, 1918 * ''Pulverro'' Pate, 1937 * '' Riparena'' Pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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