Cossezen
The earliest native Italian troubadour may be one called Cossezen (probably a nickname), the subject of one stanza of the famous satire of contemporary poets by Peire d'Alvernhe which must have preceded 1173. Of "Cossezen" Peire writes: "Cossezen" is probably an ironic nickname, in light of his "bastard" (''bastartz'') diction, meaning "graceful, delicate". The Italian identity of this troubadour is predicated on his being "an old Lombardy, Lombard" and his use of "hybrid" words, possibly a reference to List of English words of Italian origin, Italianisms. On the other hand, "Lombartz" was a common term of approbation for a miser or Usury, usurer during the period and may not refer to Cossezen's homeland. If Cossezen was, however, as seems more probable,Walter T. Pattison, "The Background of Peire D'Alvernhe's ''Chantarai D'Aquest Trobadors''," ''Modern Philology'' 31:1 (1933), 19–34. a Lombard, it would make him the earliest Occitan language, Occitan lyric poet of Italian birth, ...
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Peire D'Alvernhe
Peire d'Alvernhe or d'Alvernha (''Pèire'' in modern Occitan; b. c. 1130) was an Auvergnat troubadour (active 1149–1170) with twenty-oneGaunt and Kay, 287. or twenty-fourEgan, 72.Aubrey, ''The Music of the Troubadours'', 8. surviving works. He composed in an "esoteric" and "formally complex" style known as the ''trobar clus''. He stands out as the earliest troubadour mentioned by name in Dante's ''Divine Comedy''. Life According to his ''vida'', Peire was a burgher's son from the Diocese of Clermont.Egan, 71. As testified to by his ''vida'', his popularity was great within his lifetime and afterwards. Said to be handsome, charming, wise, and learned, he was "the first good inventor of poetry to go beyond the mountains" (i.e. the Pyrenees) and travel in Spain. He passed his time in Spain at the court of Alfonso VII of Castile and that of his son Sancho III in 1157–1158. It is possible that he was present at a meeting between Sancho of Castile, Sancho VI of Navarre and R ...
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