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Corps Des Volontaires Françaises
The Corps of French Female Volunteers (french: Corps des Volontaires françaises, or CVF) was a military auxiliary service established by the Free French forces in the United Kingdom during World War II. It was founded on 7 November 1940 as the Female Corps (french: Corps féminin, CF) and was inspired by the precedent of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) and was the first female unit in the military history of France. It was initially commanded by Simonne Mathieu and later by Hélène Terré. Initially only 26-strong, the CF was intended to provide personnel to serve in clerical and secretarial functions that would enable male personnel to be dispatched to front-line units. The CF was renamed on 16 November 1941 and formally integrated into the Free French Forces. It numbered 430 women by July 1943. It was disbanded in May 1944 at the start of the Liberation of France and was superseded by the Arme féminine the following month. Notable personnel *Simonne Mathieu (1908-198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hélène Terré
Hélène Marguerite Marie Terré (1903 - 1993) was a French Resistance fighter engaged in the Free French Forces during World War II. She served in London with the French Volunteer Corps and assumed corps command from Captain Simonne Mathieu. In April 1944, she took command in France of the Army's Female Auxiliaries. Early life and education Hélène Marguerite Marie Geneviève Terré was born on 26 April 1903 in Paris, the fourth and last daughter of Jeanne Marguerite Delasalle and Laurent Terré, an army commander. She was the great-granddaughter of Hilaire Laurent Terré. Before the outbreak of World War II in France, Terré had developed a love for literature and fine books. To ensure her economic independence, Hélène created a publishing company, called "Ariel," where she worked for seven years. She produced an edition of Paul Valéry's complete works for the Nouvelle Revue Française, a collaboration which enabled her to work closely with the Nobel Prize nominated author ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Barracks
''Women's Barracks: The Frank Autobiography of a French Girl Soldier'' is a classic work of lesbian pulp fiction by French writer Tereska Torrès published in 1950. Historians credit it as the first US paperback-original bestseller, as the first lesbian pulp fiction book published in America, and as "the pioneer of lesbian fiction". As the first of its genre, it received heavy backlash, and it was banned in Canada. Its popularity prompted the formation of the House Select Committee on Current Pornographic Materials in the United States. Its original cover art is considered a classic image of lesbian fiction. Author Tereska Torrès was a member of the Corps des Volontaires françaises within Free French Forces, and worked as a secretary in Charles de Gaulle's London headquarters. After the war, Torrès's husband Meyer Levin urged her to publish her wartime diaries. Torrès wrote the book as "a serious-minded account of wartime situations" and an exploration of "the way in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Disestablishments In The United Kingdom
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa. ** Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat. * January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces. * January 11 ** President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address. ** The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-PÅ‚aszów concentration camp into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland. * January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1940 Establishments In The United Kingdom
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Disestablished In 1944
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free French Forces
__NOTOC__ The French Liberation Army (french: Armée française de la Libération or AFL) was the reunified French Army that arose from the merging of the Armée d'Afrique with the prior Free French Forces (french: Forces françaises libres, label=none or FFL) during World War II. The military force of Free France, it participated in the Italian and Tunisian campaigns before landing in France with the allies liberating the country and occupying Germany until it had forced its capitulation in 1945. History The French Liberation Army was created in 1943 when the Army of Africa () led by General Giraud was combined with the Free French Forces of General de Gaulle. The AFL participated in the campaigns of Tunisia and Italy; during the Italian campaign the AFL was known as the French Expeditionary Corps in Italy ( ''en Italie or CEFI)'' making a quarter of the troops deployed. The AFL was key in the liberation of Corsica, the first French metropolitan department to be libera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éliane Brault
Éliane Brault (18 September 1895, Paris—25 August 1982, Paris) was a French Resistance member, a political personality and a French journalist, also known for her commitment to feminism and her involvement in Freemasonry, especially within the Universal Mixed Grand Lodge, of which she was the first Grand Mistress. Biography Éliane Brault was born in the 9th arrondissement of Paris to a rich family. Her father, Élie-Simon Alexandre Brault (1868–1898), was a lawyer at the Court of Appeal of Paris and also a doctor at Hôpital Saint-Louis.Éric Nadaud, "Éliane Brault, un parcours au féminin, radical, antifasciste, progressiste, maçonnique et féministe (1895–1982 )", Histoire@Politique. Politique, culture, société, no 9, septembre-décembre 2009read online(in French). He'd just completed his month as an aide-major in the south when he caught typhoid fever by treating soldiers from the 22nd Chasseurs Alpins Battalion; he died a month later, a ''victime du devoir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tereska Torrès
Tereska Torrès (born Tereska Szwarc; 3 September 192020 September 2012) was a French writer known for the 1950 book '' Women's Barracks'', the first "original paperback bestseller." In 2008 historians credited the republished book as the first pulp fiction book published in America to candidly address lesbian relationships, although Torrès did not agree with this analysis. Life Torrès was born Tereska Szwarc to the Jewish Polish sculptor Marek Szwarc and his wife Guina Pinkus in Paris. Her paternal uncle Samuel Schwarz was a noted historian of the Jewish diaspora and crypto-Judaism. Torrès fled her native country in 1940 via Lisbon to England when France surrendered to Nazi Germany after the Battle of France while her father—serving in the Polish Armed Forces in the West—was evacuated from La Rochelle by the British Home Fleet. Her family was able to escape because they received visas signed by Portuguese vice-consul Manuel Vieira Braga (following instructions from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simonne Mathieu
Simonne Mathieu ( Passemard; (Spelled "Simone" in many sources.) 31 January 1908 – 7 January 1980) was a female tennis player from France, born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine who was active in the 1930s. During World War II, she created and led the Corps of French Volunteers in the Free French Forces. Career Mathieu is best remembered for winning two major singles titles at the French Championships (in 1938 and 1939), and for reaching the final of that tournament an additional six times, in 1929, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, and 1937. In those finals, she lost three times to Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling, twice to Helen Wills Moody, and once to Margaret Scriven. Mathieu won 11 Grand Slam doubles championships: three women's doubles titles at Wimbledon (1933–34, 1937), six women's doubles titles at the French Championships (1933–34, 1936–39), and two mixed-doubles titles at the French Championships (1937–38). She completed the rare triple at the French Championships in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberation Of France
The liberation of France in the Second World War was accomplished through diplomacy, politics and the combined military efforts of the Allied Powers, Free French forces in London and Africa, as well as the French Resistance. Nazi Germany invaded France in May 1940. Their rapid advance through the undefended Ardennes caused a crisis in the French government; the French Third Republic dissolved itself in July, and handed over absolute power to Marshal Philippe Pétain, an elderly hero of World War I. Pétain signed an armistice with Germany with the north and west of France under German military occupation. Pétain, charged with calling a Constitutional Authority, instead established an authoritarian government in the spa town of Vichy, in the southern '' zone libre'' ("free zone"). Though nominally independent, Vichy France became a collaborationist regime and was little more than a Nazi client state that actively participated in Jewish deportations. Even before France s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
