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Cooperia (nematode)
''Cooperia'' is a genus of nematode from the Cooperiidae family that is one of the most common intestinal parasitic nematodes in cattle in temperate regions. Infections with ''Cooperia'' may result in mild clinical symptoms, but can lead to weight loss and damage of the small intestine, especially when co-infections with other nematodes such as '' Ostertagia ostertagi'' occur. Infections are usually treated with broad-spectrum anthelmintics such as benzimidazole, but resistance to these drugs has developed in the last decades and is now very common. ''Cooperia'' has a direct life cycle. Infective larvae are ingested by the host. The larvae grow to adults, which reproduce in the small intestines. Eggs are shed onto the pasture with the faeces, which leads to new infections. Co-infections with other gastro-intestinal nematodes such as '' O. ostertagi'' and ''Haemonchus contortus ''Haemonchus contortus'', also known as the barber's pole worm, is a very common parasite and one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperia Oncophora
''Cooperia oncophora'' is one of the most common intestinal parasitic nematodes in cattle in temperate regions. Infections with ''C. oncophora'' may result in mild clinical symptoms, but can lead to weight loss and damage of the small intestine, especially when co-infections with other nematodes such as '' O. ostertagi'' occur. Infections are usually treated with broad-spectrum anthelmintics such as benzimidazole, but resistance to these drugs has developed in the last decades and is now very common. ''C. oncophora'' has a direct life cycle. Infective larvae are ingested by the host. The larvae grow to adults, which reproduce in the small intestines. Eggs are shed onto the pasture with the faeces, which leads to new infections. Co-infections with other gastro-intestinal nematodes such as '' O. ostertagi'' and '' H. contortus'' are common. Morphology ''C. oncophora'' females are about 6–8 mm long, males about 5.5–9 mm. They are light red in color and have a coiled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feces
Feces ( or faeces), known colloquially and in slang as poo and poop, are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine. Feces contain a relatively small amount of metabolic waste products such as bacterially altered bilirubin, and dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut. Feces are discharged through the anus or cloaca during defecation. Feces can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner in agriculture. They can also be burned as fuel or dried and used for construction. Some medicinal uses have been found. In the case of human feces, fecal transplants or fecal bacteriotherapy are in use. Urine and feces together are called excreta. Skatole is the principal compound responsible for the unpleasant smell of feces. Characteristics The distinctive odor of feces is due to skatole, and thiols (sulfur-containing compounds), as well as amines and carboxylic acids. Skatole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Life Cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle or lifecycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. "The concept is closely related to those of the life history, development and ontogeny, but differs from them in stressing renewal." Transitions of form may involve growth, asexual reproduction, or sexual reproduction. In some organisms, different "generations" of the species succeed each other during the life cycle. For plants and many algae, there are two multicellular stages, and the life cycle is referred to as alternation of generations. The term life history is often used, particularly for organisms such as the red algae which have three multicellular stages (or more), rather than two.Dixon, P.S. 1973. ''Biology of the Rhodophyta.'' Oliver & Boyd. Life cycles that include sexual reproduction involve alternating haploid (''n'') and diploid (2''n'') stages, i.e., a change of pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzimidazole
Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and imidazole. It is a colorless solid. Preparation Benzimidazole is produced by condensation of o-phenylenediamine with formic acid,. or the equivalent trimethyl orthoformate: :C6H4(NH2)2 + HC(OCH3)3 → C6H4N(NH)CH + 3 CH3OH 2-substituted derivatives are obtained when the condensation is conducted with aldehydes in place of formic acid, followed by oxidation.Robert A. Smiley "Phenylene- and Toluenediamines" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Reactions Benzimidazole is a base: :C6H4N(NH)CH + H+ → [C6H4(NH)2CH]+ It can also be deprotonated with stronger bases: :C6H4N(NH)CH + LiH → Li [C6H4N2CH] + H2 The imine can be alkylated and also serves as a ligand in coordination chemistry. The most prominent benzimidazole complex features ''N''-ribosyl-dimethylbenzimidazole as found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals. Pills containing anthelmintics are used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel. Types Antiparasitics that specifically target worms of the genus ''Ascaris'' are called ascaricides. * Benzimidazoles: ** Albendazole – effective against threadworms, roundworms, whipworms, tapeworms, hookworms ** Mebendazole – effective against v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostertagia Ostertagi
''Ostertagia ostertagi'', commonly known as the medium stomach worm or brown stomach worm, is a parasitic nematode (round worm) of cattle. ''O. ostertagi'' can also be found to a lesser extent in sheep, goats, wild ruminants, and horses. It causes ostertagiosis, which is potentially fatal in cattle. It is found worldwide and is economically important to cattle industries, particularly those found in temperate climates. The abomasal nematode ''O. ostertagi'' is a clade V nematode of the order ''Strongylida'', the family ''Trichostrongylidae'' and genus ''Ostertagia''. Ransom first described the genus ''Ostertagia'' in 1907, which currently contains approximately 15 species. All species of the genus ''Ostertagia'' infect domestic or wild ruminants. These species form a large and complex group, the taxonomy of which has not been fully elucidated. Life cycle ''O. ostertagi'' has a life cycle which consists of two stages: the free-living, pre-parasitic stage and the parasitic stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with Arthropod, arthropods, Tardigrade, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike platyhelminthe, flatworms, have tubular digestion, digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperia Surnabada
''Cooperia'' is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to: * ''Cooperia'' (nematode), a genus of nematodes in the family Cooperiidae, including the species ''Cooperia oncophora ''Cooperia oncophora'' is one of the most common intestinal parasitic nematodes in cattle in temperate regions. Infections with ''C. oncophora'' may result in mild clinical symptoms, but can lead to weight loss and damage of the small intestine, ...'' * ''Cooperia'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, now considered a synonym of ''Zephyranthes'' {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Friedrich Bernhard Von Linstow
Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow (17 October 1842 – 3 May 1916) was a German high-ranking medical officer (''Oberstabsarzt und Regimentsarzt'') and helminthologist. Von Linstow was born in Itzehoe north west of Hamburg. He received his medical PhD in 1864 at the University of Kiel and worked as military doctor in Hameln, later in Göttingen, where he was promoted to a major. He published his book ''Compendium der Helminthology'' in 1878 in Hannover. Von Linstow died 3 May 1916 in Göttingen. Written works * ''Compendium der helminthologie. Ein verzeichniss der bekannten helminthen, die frei oder in thierischen körpern leben, geordnet nach ihren wohnthieren, unter angabe der organe, in denen sie gefunden sind, und mit beifügung der litteraturquellen'', (1878) - Compendium of helminthology: A directory of known helminths, etc. * "Report on the Entozoa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76", (1880). * ''Die Giftthiere und ihre Wirkung auf den Menschen : ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperia Punctata
''Cooperia'' is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to: * ''Cooperia'' (nematode), a genus of nematodes in the family Cooperiidae, including the species ''Cooperia oncophora ''Cooperia oncophora'' is one of the most common intestinal parasitic nematodes in cattle in temperate regions. Infections with ''C. oncophora'' may result in mild clinical symptoms, but can lead to weight loss and damage of the small intestine, ...'' * ''Cooperia'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, now considered a synonym of ''Zephyranthes'' {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperia Pectinata
''Cooperia'' is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to: * ''Cooperia'' (nematode), a genus of nematodes in the family Cooperiidae, including the species ''Cooperia oncophora ''Cooperia oncophora'' is one of the most common intestinal parasitic nematodes in cattle in temperate regions. Infections with ''C. oncophora'' may result in mild clinical symptoms, but can lead to weight loss and damage of the small intestine, ...'' * ''Cooperia'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, now considered a synonym of ''Zephyranthes'' {{Genus disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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