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Coolia
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Palmyrensis
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Areolata
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Canariensis
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Malayensis
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Monotis
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Santacroce
''Coolia'' is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. ''Coolia'' is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of ''Coolia'' involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, ''Coolia tropicalis'' and ''Coolia malayensis'', produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans. Etymology The genus was named after a Pharmacist, M. Cool, from Nieupoort, Belgium, where the first species of the genus ''Coolia'', ''Coolia monotis'' was originally discovered in the oyster beds. Taxonomy ''Coolia'' was first described by Alphonse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coolia Tropicalis
''Coolia tropicalis'' is a species of dinoflagellates, first found in Belize. Its cell size ranges from 23–40 μm long, 25–39 μm wide and 35–65 μm in dorsoventral diameter. Cells are spherical, smooth and covered with scattered round pores. Its epitheca is smaller than its hypotheca Hypothec (; german: Hypothek, french: hypothèque, pl, hipoteka, from Lat. ''hypotheca'', from Gk. : hypothēkē), sometimes tacit hypothec, is a term used in civil law systems (e.g. law of entire Continental Europe except Gibraltar) or mixed .... Its apical pore is straight, 7 μm long and situated in the apical plate complex. Cells of ''C. tropicalis'' are distinguished from '' C. monotis'' by the wedge-shaped plate 1′, a four-sided 3’ plate, and a short apical pore. References Further reading * External links * Protists described in 1995 Dinoflagellate species Gonyaulacales {{dinoflagellate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostreopsidaceae
Ostreopsidaceae is a family of free-living dinoflagellates found in marine environments. Genera The World Register of Marine Species includes the following genera in the family : *''Alexandrium'' Halim *'' Centrodinium'' Kofoid *''Coolia'' Meunier *'' Fukuyoa'' Gomez, Qiu, Lopes & Lin *''Gambierdiscus ''Gambierdiscus'' is a genus of marine dinoflagellates that produce ciguatoxins, a type of toxin that causes the foodborne illness known as ciguatera. They are usually epiphytic on macroalgae growing on coral reefs. Morphology ''Gambierdiscus ...'' Adachi & Fukuyo *'' Ostreopsis'' J.Schmidt References Gonyaulacales Dinoflagellate families {{dinoflagellate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciguatera
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), also known simply as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish whose flesh is contaminated with certain toxins. Such individual fish are said to be ciguatoxic. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, numbness, itchiness, sensitivity to hot and cold, dizziness, and weakness. The onset of symptoms varies with the amount of toxin eaten from half an hour to up to two days. The diarrhea may last for up to four days. Some symptoms typically remain for a few weeks to months. Heart difficulties such as bradycardia, slow heart rate and low blood pressure may also occur. The specific toxins involved are ciguatoxin and maitotoxin. They are originally made by a small marine organism, ''Gambierdiscus toxicus'', that grows on and around coral reefs in tropical and subtropical waters. These are eaten by herbivorous fish which in turn are eaten by larger carnivorous fish. The toxins become Bioaccumulation, more concentrated as they move up the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gambierdiscus Toxicus
''Gambierdiscus toxicus'' is a species of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryote belonging to the Alveolata, part of the SAR supergroup. It is a dinoflagellate which can cause the foodborne illness ciguatera, and is known to produce several natural polyethers including ciguatoxin, maitotoxin, gambieric acid, and gambierol. The species was discovered attached to the surface of brown macroalgae. History This species was first described by Adachi, R. & Fukuyo, Y in 1979 using samples collected around Gambier Islands. Which was split into five different species (''Gambierdiscus caribaeus'', ''Gambierdiscus carolinianus'', ''Gambierdiscus carpenteri'', ''Gambierdiscus ruetzleri'' and ''Gambierdiscus toxicus'') according to their morphological characteristic of thecal structure, and the sequence of both D1–D3 and D8–D10 regions in large-subunit rDNA. Distribution This species can be found in tropical and subtropical regions in Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. It is often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yessotoxin
Yessotoxins are a group of lipophilic, sulfur bearing polyether toxins that are related to ciguatoxins. They are produced by a variety of dinoflagellates, most notably ''Lingulodinium polyedrum'' and ''Gonyaulax spinifera''. When the environmental conditions encourage the growth of YTX producing dinoflagellates, the toxin(s) bioaccumulate in edible tissues of bivalve molluscs, including mussels, scallops, and clams, thus allowing entry of YTX into the food chain. History The first YTX analog discovered, yessotoxin, was initially found in the scallop species ''Patinopecten yessoensis'' in the 1960s. Since then, numerous yessotoxin analogs have been isolated from shellfish and marine algae (including 45-hydroxyyessotoxin and carboxyyessotoxin). Initially, scientists wrongly classified YTXs in the group of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins along the lines of okadaic acid and azaspiracids. These type of toxins can cause extreme gastrointestinal upset and accelerate canc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmful Algal Blooms
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) (or excessive algae growth) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are sometimes defined as only those algal blooms that produce toxins, and sometimes as any algal bloom that can result in severely lower oxygen levels in natural waters, killing organisms in marine or fresh waters. Blooms can last from a few days to many months. After the bloom dies, the microbes that decompose the dead algae use up more of the oxygen, generating a " dead zone" which can cause fish die-offs. When these zones cover a large area for an extended period of time, neither fish nor plants are able to survive. Harmful algal blooms in marine environments are often called "red tides". It is sometimes unclear what causes specific HABs as their occurrence in some locations appears to be entirely natural, while in others they appear to be a res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
