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Conté Crayons
Conté (), also known as Conté sticks or Conté crayons, are a drawing medium composed of compressed powdered graphite or charcoal mixed with a clay base, square in cross-section. They were invented in 1795 by Nicolas-Jacques Conté, who created the combination of clay and graphite in response to the shortage of graphite caused by the Napoleonic Wars (when the British naval blockade of France prevented import). Conté crayons had the advantage of being cost-effective to produce, and easy to manufacture in controlled grades of hardness. They are now manufactured using natural pigments ( iron oxides, carbon black, titanium dioxide), clay (kaolin), and a binder (cellulose ether). Conté crayons are most commonly found in black, white, and sanguine tones, as well as bistre, shades of grey, and other colors. Colors sets are especially useful for field studies and color studies. Some artists create entire paintings with them, using them more like pastels than like a drawing medium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conté Crayons
Conté (), also known as Conté sticks or Conté crayons, are a drawing medium composed of compressed powdered graphite or charcoal mixed with a clay base, square in cross-section. They were invented in 1795 by Nicolas-Jacques Conté, who created the combination of clay and graphite in response to the shortage of graphite caused by the Napoleonic Wars (when the British naval blockade of France prevented import). Conté crayons had the advantage of being cost-effective to produce, and easy to manufacture in controlled grades of hardness. They are now manufactured using natural pigments ( iron oxides, carbon black, titanium dioxide), clay (kaolin), and a binder (cellulose ether). Conté crayons are most commonly found in black, white, and sanguine tones, as well as bistre, shades of grey, and other colors. Colors sets are especially useful for field studies and color studies. Some artists create entire paintings with them, using them more like pastels than like a drawing medium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanguine
Sanguine () or red chalk is chalk of a reddish-brown colour, so called because it resembles the colour of dried blood. It has been popular for centuries for drawing (where white chalk only works on coloured paper). The word comes via French from the Italian ''sanguigna'' and originally from the Latin "sanguis". Technique Sanguine lends itself naturally to sketches, life drawings, and rustic scenes. It is ideal for rendering modeling and volume, and human flesh. In the form of wood-cased pencils and manufactured sticks, sanguine may be used similarly to charcoal and pastel. As with pastel, a mid-toned paper may be put to good use. A fixative may be applied to preserve the finished state of the drawing. The pigment used in sanguine sticks comes from red earths such as red ochre. . www.britannica.com. Retrieved August 20, 2016. Sangui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trois Crayons
''Trois crayons'' (; en, "three chalks") is a drawing technique using three colors of chalk: red (''sanguine''), black, and white. The paper used may be a mid-tone such as grey, blue, or tan. Among numerous others, French painters Antoine Watteau and François Boucher drew studies of figures and drapery ''aux trois crayons''. The technique was, most notably, pioneered and popularised by the Flemish master Peter Paul Rubens. ''Aux deux crayons'' uses only two colors, frequently black and white, as seen in many of Pierre-Paul Prud'hon's drawings. Image:Watteau_jeune_fille.jpg , By Watteau Image:Watteau_trois_crayons.jpg , By Watteau, 1716 Image:Peter Paul Rubens, Portrait of Isabella Brant -British Museum 1482535001.jpg, By Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque traditio ..., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tortillon
A tortillon (; also blending stump) is a cylindrical drawing tool, tapered at the end and usually made of rolled paper, used by artists to smudge or blend marks made with charcoal, Conté crayon, pencil or other drawing utensils. A blending stump is similar to a tortillon but is longer, more tightly wrapped, and pointed at both ends. Tortillons produce slightly different textures than stumps when blending, and they also are hollow, as opposed to stumps being solid. Cleaning of tortillons and stumps usually involves removing the used outer layer of paper by scraping or rubbing the implement on an abrasive surface, such as sandpaper, carpet A carpet is a textile floor covering typically consisting of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing. The pile was traditionally made from wool, but since the 20th century synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, nylon, or polyester hav ..., pink rubber erasers, or an emery board. Some people also whittle off the tip if it becomes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Art Media
Arts media is the material and tools used by an artist, composer or designer to create a work of art, for example, "pen and ink" where the pen is the tool and the ink is the material. Here is a list of types of art and the media used within those types. Architecture *Cement, concrete, mortar * Cob *Glass *Metal *Stone, brick *Wood Carpentry *Adhesives *Wood (timber) Ceramics *Bone china *Clay * Glaze *Porcelain *Pottery *Terracotta Drawing Common drawing materials *Acrylic paint *Chalk *Charcoal *Conté *Crayon *Gouache *Graphite *Ink *Oil paint * Glass paint *Pastel *Pixel * Sketch *Tempera *Watercolor *Glitter Common supports (surfaces) for drawing *Canvas *Card stock *Concrete *Fabric *Glass *Human body *Metal *Paper *Plaster *Scratchboard *Stone *Vellum *Wood Common drawing tools and methods *Brush *Finger *Pen *Ballpoint pen *Fountain pen *Gel pen *Technical pen * Marker *Pencil * Mechanical pencil (clutch, screw, and ratchet) *Colored pencil *Stylus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Signac
Paul Victor Jules Signac ( , ; 11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French Neo-Impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the Pointillist style. Biography Paul Signac was born in Paris on 11 November 1863. He followed a course of training in architecture before, at the age of 18, deciding to pursue a career as a painter, after attending an exhibit of Monet's work. He sailed on the Mediterranean Sea, visiting the coasts of Europe and painting the landscapes he encountered. In later years, he also painted a series of watercolors of French harbor cities. In 1884 he met Claude Monet and Georges Seurat. He was struck by the systematic working methods of Seurat and by his theory of colors and he became Seurat's faithful supporter, friend, and heir with his description of Neo-Impressionism and Divisionism method. Under Seurat's influence he abandoned the short brushstrokes of Impressionism to experiment with scientifically-juxtaposed small dots ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathers At Asnières
''Bathers at Asnières'' (french: Une Baignade, Asnières) is an 1884 oil on canvas painting by French artist Georges Pierre Seurat, the first of his two masterpieces on the monumental scale. The canvas is of a suburban, placid Parisian riverside scene. Isolated figures, with their clothes piled sculpturally on the riverbank, together with trees, austere boundary walls and buildings, and the River Seine are presented in a formal layout. A combination of complex brushstroke techniques and a meticulous application of contemporary color theory bring to the composition a sense of gentle vibrancy and timelessness. Seurat completed the painting of ''Bathers at Asnières'' in 1884, at 24 years old. He applied to the jury of the Salon of the same year to have the work exhibited there, only to be rejected. The ''Bathers'' continued to puzzle many of Seurat’s contemporaries, and the picture would only be widely acclaimed many years after the artist's death (age 31). An appreciation of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Seurat
Georges Pierre Seurat ( , , ; 2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French post-Impressionist artist. He devised the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism and used conté crayon for drawings on paper with a rough surface. Seurat's artistic personality combined qualities that are usually thought of as opposed and incompatible: on the one hand, his extreme and delicate sensibility, on the other, a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind. His large-scale work ''A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte'' (1884–1886) altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-Impressionism, and is one of the icons of late 19th-century painting. Biography Family and education Seurat was born on 2 December 1859 in Paris, at 60 rue de Bondy (now rue René Boulanger). The Seurat family moved to 136 boulevard de Magenta (now 110 boulevard de Magenta) in 1862 or 1863.Seurat: p. 16 His father, Antoine Chrysostome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastel
A pastel () is an art medium in a variety of forms including a stick, a square a pebble or a pan of color; though other forms are possible; they consist of powdered pigment and a binder. The pigments used in pastels are similar to those used to produce some other colored visual arts media, such as oil paints; the binder is of a neutral hue and low saturation. The color effect of pastels is closer to the natural dry pigments than that of any other process. Pastels have been used by artists since the Renaissance, and gained considerable popularity in the 18th century, when a number of notable artists made pastel their primary medium. An artwork made using pastels is called a pastel (or a pastel drawing or pastel painting). ''Pastel'' used as a verb means to produce an artwork with pastels; as an adjective it means pale in color. Pastel media Pastel sticks or crayons consist of powdered pigment combined with a binder. The exact composition and characteristics of an individual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Painterly
Painterliness is a concept based on ''german: malerisch'' ('painterly'), a word popularized by Swiss art historian Heinrich Wölfflin (1864–1945) to help focus, enrich and standardize the terms being used by art historians of his time to characterize Work of art, works of art. A painting is said to be ''painterly'' when there are visible Brush#Paintbrushes, brushstrokes in the final work – the result of applying paint in a manner that is not entirely controlled, generally without closely following carefully drawn lines. Any painting media – oils, acrylics, watercolors, gouache, etc. – can produce either linear or painterly work. Some artists whose work could be characterized as painterly are Pierre Bonnard, Francis Bacon (artist), Francis Bacon, Vincent van Gogh, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Rembrandt, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Renoir, John Singer Sargent, and Andrew Wyeth (his early watercolors). The Impressionism, Impressionists, Fauvism, Fauvists and the Abstract Exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underdrawing
Underdrawing is a preparatory drawing done on a painting ground before paint is applied, for example, an imprimatura or an underpainting. Underdrawing was used extensively by 15th century painters like Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden. These artists "underdrew" with a brush, using hatching strokes for shading, using water-based black paint, before underpainting and overpainting with oils. Cennino D'Andrea Cennini (14th century most likely) describes a different type of underdrawing, made with graded tones rather than hatching, for egg tempera. In some cases, underdrawing can be clearly visualized using infrared reflectography because carbon black pigments absorb infrared light, whereas opaque pigments such as lead white are transparent with infrared light. Underdrawing in many works, for example, the ''Annunciation'' (van Eyck, Washington) or the ''Arnolfini Portrait'', reveals that artists made alterations, sometimes radical ones, to their compositions. The underdrawing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
