Contradusta
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Contradusta
''Contradusta'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Cypraeidae, the cowries. Species Species within the genus ''Contradusta '' include: *''Contradusta bregeriana'' (Joseph Charles Hippolyte Crosse, Crosse, 1868) *''Contradusta lapillus'' Poppe, Tagaro & Groh, 2013 *''Contradusta walkeri'' (George Brettingham Sowerby I, Sowerby I, 1832) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Contradusta barclayi'' (Reeve, 1857): synonym of ''Paradusta barclayi'' (Reeve, 1857) * ''Contradusta pulchella'' (Swainson, 1823): synonym of ''Ficadusta pulchella'' (Swainson, 1823) References

* Meyer C. 2003. Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79: 401-459. Cypraeidae {{Cypraeidae-stub ...
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Contradusta Walkeri
''Contradusta walkeri'' is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Cypraeidae, the cowries. Subspecies *''Contradusta walkeri continens'' (Tom Iredale, Iredale, 1935) *''Contradusta walkeri surabajensis'' Schilder, F.A., 1937 *''Contradusta walkeri walkeri'' (George Brettingham Sowerby I, Sowerby I, 1832) Description The shells of these common cowries reach on average of length, with a minimum size of and a maximum size of . The shape is usually oval, the dorsum surface is smooth and shiny, the basic color is pale brown, with a wide dark brown trasversal band and some small irregular brown patches on the top. The margins are white, with several brown dots. The base may be white, purple or cream and the wide and sinuous aperture shows long labial teeth. The interior of the shell may be purple. In the living cowries the mantle is transparent, with short sensorial papillae. Distribution This species is distributed in the Re ...
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Contradusta Bregeriana
''Contradusta bregeriana'' is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ... in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Contradusta bregeriana (Crosse, 1868). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=530914 on 2020-09-03 ;Subspecies: ''Contradusta bregeriana pervelata'' (Lorenz, 2002) (taxon inquirendum) References * Lorenz, F., 2002. New worldwide cowries. Descriptions of new taxa and revisions of selected groups of living Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Schriften zur Malakozoologie 20: 292 pp External links On-line articles with ''Cypraea bregeriana'' in the HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS (1960-1994) Cypraeidae Ga ...
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Contradusta Lapillus
''Contradusta lapillus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ... Cypraeidae. Original description * Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Groh K. (2013) A new species of Contradusta (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Philippines. Visaya 4(1): 95–101. ebruary 2013 References External links Worms Link Cypraeidae {{Cypraeidae-stub ...
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Ficadusta Pulchella
''Ficadusta pulchella'' is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ... Cypraeidae, the cowries.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Ficadusta pulchella (Swainson, 1823). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=709397 on 23 November 2020 ;Subspecies: * ''Ficadusta pulchella aliguayensis'' (van Heesvelde & Deprez, 2002) * ''Ficadusta pulchella novaebritanniae'' (F. A. Schilder & M. Schilder, 1937) * ''Ficadusta pulchella pericalles'' (Melvill & Standen, 1904) Description Distribution References * Orr J. (1985). Hong Kong seashells. The Urban Council, Hong Kong * Heesvelde van, J. & Deprez, J., 2002. A new subspecies of Err ...
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Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries ( cowry), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies. Shell description Cypraeidae have adult shells which are very rounded, almost like an egg; they do not look like a typical gastropod shell. In virtually all of the species in the family Cypraeidae, the shells are extremely smooth and shiny. This is because in the living animal, the shell is nearly always fully covered with the mantle. Typically, no spire is visible in the fully adult shell, and there is a long, narrow, aperture which is lined with "teeth". Juvenile cowry shells are not at all similar to adult cowry shells. The juvenile shells of cowries perhaps more closely resemble the shells of some "bubble snails" in the order Cephalaspidea. Also the shells of juvenile cowries seldom exhibit the same color patterns as the adult shells do, and thus can be hard to identify to spe ...
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Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ...
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Sea Snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible shell. Definition Determining whether some gastropods should be called sea snails is not always easy. Some species that live in brackish water (such as certain neritids) can be listed as either freshwater snails or marine snails, and some species that live at or just above the high tide level (for example species in the genus '' Truncatella'') are sometimes considered to be sea snails and sometimes listed as land snails. Anatomy Sea snails are a very large group of animals and a very diverse one. Most snails that live in salt water respire using a gill or gills; a few species, though, have a lung, are intertidal, and are active only at low tide when they can move around in the air. These air-breathing species includ ...
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Marine (ocean)
The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally divided."Ocean."
''Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary'', Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ocean. Accessed March 14, 2021.
Separate names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: (the largest), ,

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Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ...
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Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8  taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ...
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Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ...
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World Register Of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialists on each group of organism. These taxonomists control the quality of the information, which is gathered from the primary scientific literature as well as from some external regional and taxon-specific databases. WoRMS maintains valid names of all marine organisms, but also provides information on synonyms and invalid names. It is an ongoing task to maintain the registry, since new species are constantly being discovered and described by scientists; in addition, the nomenclature and taxonomy of existing species is often corrected or changed as new research is constantly being published. Subsets of WoRMS content are made available, and can have separate badging and their own home/launch pages, as "subregisters", such as the ''World List of ...
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