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Connoisseurship
A connoisseur ( French traditional, pre-1835, spelling of , from Middle-French , then meaning 'to be acquainted with' or 'to know somebody/something') is a person who has a great deal of knowledge about the fine arts; who is a keen appreciator of cuisines, fine wines, and other gourmet products; or who is an expert judge in matters of taste. In many areas, the term now has an air of pretension, and may be used in a partly ironic sense. In the art trade, however, expert connoisseurship remains a crucial skill for the identification and attribution to individual artists of works by the style and technique, where documentary evidence of provenance is lacking. The situation in the wine trade is similar, for example in assessing the potential for ageing in a young wine through wine tasting. Connoisseurship in art "The ability to tell almost instinctively who painted a picture is defined ... as connoisseurship". Connoisseurs evaluate works of art on the basis of their experien ...
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Technique
Technique or techniques may refer to: Music * The Techniques, a Jamaican rocksteady vocal group of the 1960s *Technique (band), a British female synth pop band in the 1990s * ''Technique'' (album), by New Order, 1989 * ''Techniques'' (album), by Modern Baseball, 2014 Other uses * ''Technique'' (newspaper), the newspaper of the Georgia Institute of Technology, U.S. * Technique Polytechnic Institute, in West Bengal, India * Technique Stadium, a football stadium in Whittington Moor, Chesterfield, Derbyshire See also * Technical (other) * Technology, the sum of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services * Skill, the ability to carry out a task with determined results * Scientific technique Arthropod, A scientific technique is any systematic process, systematic way of obtaining information about a science, scientific nature or to obtain a Desire (emotion), desired material or Product (business), product. Scientific techniques can ...
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Svetlana Alpers
Svetlana Leontief Alpers (born February 10, 1936) is an American art historian, also a professor, writer and critic. Her specialty is Dutch Golden Age painting, a field she revolutionized with her 1984 book ''The Art of Describing''. She has also written on Tiepolo, Rubens, Bruegel, and Velázquez, among others. Education and career Svetlana Alpers received her B.A. from Radcliffe College in 1957 and a Ph.D.from Harvard in 1965. She was a professor of art history at the University of California, Berkeley from 1962 to 1998, and by 1994 she was named Professor Emerita. In 1983, Alpers co-founded the interdisciplinary journal ''Representations'' with American literary critic Stephen Greenblatt. In 2007, she collaborated with artists James Hyde and Barney Kulok on a project entitled ''Painting Then for Now''. The project consists of 19 photographic prints based on the suite of three paintings by Giambattista Tiepolo that hang at the top of the main staircase in the Metropolitan ...
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Bendor Grosvenor
Bendor Gerard Robert Grosvenor (born 27 November 1977) is a British art historian, writer and former art dealer. He is known for discovering a number of important lost artworks by Old Master artists, including Sir Peter Paul Rubens, Claude Lorrain and Peter Brueghel the Younger. As a dealer he specialised in Old Masters, with a particular interest in Anthony van Dyck. From 2011 to 2016 he carried out specialist research for, and appeared in, the BBC1 art programme ''Fake or Fortune?''. He now presents, with Emma Dabiri ( Jacky Klein in Series 1), the BBC4 series ''Britain's Lost Masterpieces'', which began in 2016. Life and work Grosvenor was born on 27 November 1977 in London. His parents are Hon. Richard Alexander Grosvenor and Gabriella Grosvenor. He was educated at Harrow School before attending the University of East Anglia for his BA Hons. He then received an MPhil from Pembroke College, Cambridge and a DPhil from the University of East Anglia. His PhD thesis was entitled ...
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Philip Mould
Philip Jonathan Clifford Mould (born March 1960) is an English art dealer, London gallery owner, art historian, writer and broadcaster. He has made a number of major art discoveries, including works of Thomas Gainsborough, Anthony Van Dyck and Thomas Lawrence. Mould is the author of two books on art discovery and is widely consulted by the media on the subject. He co-presents the BBC television programme ''Fake or Fortune?'', an arts programme, with journalist and broadcaster Fiona Bruce. Early life and education Mould was born in Wirral, Cheshire and educated at Kingsmead School, Hoylake, Worth School and the University of East Anglia, from which he graduated with a BA in History of Art in 1981. Mould's father owned a factory in Liverpool and his family was based in the Wirral Peninsula. Mould made friends with the owner of a local antiques shop, who taught him to read hallmarks on silver when he was just 11 or 12 years old, and by the age of 14 he was dealing in antique s ...
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Laconic
A laconic phrase or laconism is a concision, concise or wikt:terse, terse statement, especially a wikt:blunt, blunt and wikt:elliptical, elliptical rejoinder. It is named after Laconia, the region of Greece including the city of Sparta, whose ancient inhabitants had a reputation for verbal austerity and were famous for their often wikt:pithy, pithy remarks. Uses A laconic phrase may be used for efficiency (as during military training and operations), for emphasis, for philosophical reasons (especially among thinkers who believe in minimalism, such as Stoicism, Stoics), or to deflate a pompous interlocutor. A prominent example involves Philip II of Macedon. After invading southern Greece and receiving the submission of other key city-states, he turned his attention to Sparta and asked menacingly whether he should come as friend or foe. The reply was "Neither." Losing patience, he sent the message: If I invade Laconia, I shall turn you out. The Spartan ephors again replied with ...
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Art Historian
Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today, art history examines broader aspects of visual culture, including the various visual and conceptual outcomes related to an ever-evolving definition of art. Art history encompasses the study of objects created by different cultures around the world and throughout history that convey meaning, importance or serve usefulness primarily through visual representations. As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style or sanctioning an entire style or movement; and art theory or "philosophy of art", which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art. One branch of this area of study is aesthetics, wh ...
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Erwin Panofsky
Erwin Panofsky (March 30, 1892 in Hannover – March 14, 1968 in Princeton, New Jersey) was a German-Jewish art historian, whose academic career was pursued mostly in the U.S. after the rise of the Nazi regime. Panofsky's work represents a high point in the modern academic study of iconography, which he used in hugely influentialShone, Richard and Stonard, John-Paul, eds. ''The Books that Shaped Art History'', chapter 7. London: Thames & Hudson, 2013. works like his "little book" ''Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art'' and his masterpiece, '' Early Netherlandish Painting''. Many of his works are still in print, including ''Studies in Iconology: Humanist Themes in the Art of the Renaissance'' (1939), ''Meaning in the Visual Arts'' (1955), and his 1943 study ''The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer''. Panofsky's ideas were also highly influential in intellectual history in general,Chartier, Roger. ''Cultural History'', pp. 23–24 (from "Intellectual History and the Histor ...
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Art School
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, including fine art – especially illustration, painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic design. Art schools can offer elementary, secondary, post-secondary, or undergraduate programs, and can also offer a broad-based range of programs (such as the liberal arts and sciences). There have been six major periods of art school curricula,Houghton, Nicholas. “Six into One: The Contradictory Art School Curriculum and How It Came About.” ''International Journal of Art & Design Education'', vol. 35, no. 1, Feb. 2016, pp. 107–120. and each one has had its own hand in developing modern institutions worldwide throughout all levels of education. Art schools also teach a variety of non-academic skills to many students. History There have been six definitive curricula throughout the history of art schools. These are "apprentice, academic, formalist, expressive, conceptual, and professional". Ea ...
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Artist
An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse refers to a practitioner in the visual arts only. However, the term is also often used in the entertainment business, especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (although less often for actors). "Artiste" (French for artist) is a variant used in English in this context, but this use has become rare. Use of the term "artist" to describe writers is valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like used in criticism. Dictionary definitions The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines the older broad meanings of the term "artist": * A learned person or Master of Arts. * One who pursues a practical science, traditionally medicine, astrology, alchemy, chemistry. * A follower of a pursuit in which skill comes by study or practice. * A follower of a manual art, such a ...
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Catalogue Raisonné
A ''catalogue raisonné'' (or critical catalogue) is a comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media. The works are described in such a way that they may be reliably identified by third parties, and such listings play an important role in authentification. Etymology The term ''catalogue raisonné'' is French, meaning "reasoned catalogue"Catalogue raisonné
, ''Online Merriam-Webster Dictionary''.
(i.e. containing arguments for the information given, such as attributions), but is part of the of the English-speaking art world. The spelling is never Americanized to "catalog", even ...
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Art Valuation
Art valuation, an art-specific subset of Valuation (finance), financial valuation, is the process of estimating the market value of Work of art, works of art. As such, it is more of a financial rather than an aesthetics, aesthetic concern, however, subjective views of cultural value play a part as well. Art valuation involves comparing data from multiple sources such as art auction, auction houses, private and corporate collectors, curators, art dealer activities, Art museum, gallerists (gallery owners), experienced consultants, and specialized market analysts to arrive at a value. Art valuation is accomplished not only for collection, investment, divestment, and financing purposes, but as part of Estate (law), estate valuations, for charitable contributions, for tax planning, insurance, and loan Collateral (finance), collateral purposes. This article deals with the valuation of works of fine art, especially contemporary art, at the top end of the international market, but si ...
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