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Confédération Générale Du Patronat Français
The Confédération générale du patronat français (CGPF: General Confederation of French Proprietors) was a French manufacturers' association during the last years of the French Second Republic from 1936–40. It supported the rights of ''patrons'' and opposed trade union activity other than discussion of factory workplace conditions. In the lead-up to World War II (1939–45) the CGPF resisted organizing industry to prepare for war. Formation On 7 June 1936 Alexandre Lambert-Ribot, secretary general of the Comité des forges, the iron and steel manufacturers' association, signed the Matignon Agreements to end the general strike that followed election of the Popular Front. The Matignon Agreements forced a change in the leadership of the Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF) manufacturers's organization. The changes were approved by the heavy industrialists, There were, for example, close links between Pierre Nicolle of the CGPF and François de Wendel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude-Joseph Gignoux
Claude-Joseph Gignoux (1890–1968) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies (France), Chamber of Deputies from 1928 to 1932, representing Loire (department), Loire. Gignoux became an undersecretary of state. In 1936 he was director of the ''Journée Industrielle''. On 9 October 1936 the Confédération générale du patronat français (CGPF) held a general assembly to elect its new board. Gignoux was elected president. He proved an energetic leader. He said that employers must not try to avoid their responsibilities, but must confirm their authority through united action. In the early part of 1939 Gigoux warned the CGPF members of the danger of government demands to rehire workers who had been fired after the general strike, since this would only lead to further government intervention. He urged industrialists to make the present arrangement work, since socialism was the only alternative. References Sources * * * External links * [Baidu] |
Phoney War
The Phoney War (french: Drôle de guerre; german: Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II, during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district. Nazi Germany carried out the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939; the Phoney period began with the declaration of war by the United Kingdom and France against Nazi Germany on 3 September 1939, after which little actual warfare occurred, and ended with the German invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940. Although there was no large-scale military action by Britain and France, they did begin some economic warfare, especially with the naval blockade, and shut down German surface raiders. They created elaborate plans for numerous large-scale operations designed to cripple the German war effort. These included opening an Anglo-French front in the Balkans, invading Norway to seize control of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Associations Based In France
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services, i.e. trading things without the use of money. Modern traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and letter of credit, paper money, and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade involving more than two traders is called multilateral trade. In one modern view, trade exists due to specialization and the division of labour, a predominant form of economic activity in which individuals and groups concentrate on a small aspect of production, but use their output in trades for other products an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseil National Du Patronat Français
The Conseil national du patronat français (CNPF; National Council of French Employers) was an employers' organization created in December 1945 on request of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, which wanted a representative organization of all of the employers. Origins On 27 July 1944 the Free French government in Algiers annulled the Vichy decrees, dissolved the Peasant Corporation (Corporation paysanne) and reestablished all the syndicates of 1939 apart from the Confédération générale du patronat français (CGPF), which represented employers. The ''Centre des jeunes patrons'' (CJP) helped organize the CNPF in 1944, as did various leading employers with modern and civic-minded views. Henri Lafond worked with Pierre Ricard and Henri Davezac to form the CNPF. Georges Villiers was the first president. History A division soon appeared between those such as Lafond who felt employers deserved certain rights, which should be regulated by law, and those who were oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peasant Corporation
The Peasant Corporation (french: Corporation paysanne) was a Paris-based organization created by the Vichy France government during World War II (1939–45) to support a corporatist structure of agricultural syndicates. The Ministry of Agriculture was unenthusiastic and undermined the Corporation, which was launched with a provisional structure in 1941 that was not finalized until 1943. By then the small farmers and farm workers had become disillusioned since the Corporation had maintained the privileged position of landowners and had not protected them from demands by the increasingly unpopular German occupiers. The Corporation, which was never effective, was dissolved after the liberation of France in September 1944. Charter The Peasant Corporation had its roots in the rural ''Syndicats Agricoles'', whose Union Centrale des Syndicats Agricoles (UCSA) became the Union Nationale des Syndicats Agricoles (UNSA) in 1934 when Jacques Le Roy Ladurie became its secretary general. Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algiers
Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques de l'Algérie (web). and in 2020 was estimated to be around 4,500,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria. Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. The modern part of the city is built on the level ground by the seashore; the old part, the ancient city of the deys, climbs the steep hill behind the modern town and is crowned by the Casbah or citadel (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), above the sea. The casbah and the two quays form a triangle. Names The city's name is derived via French and Catalan ''Origins of Algiers'' by Louis Leschi, speech delivered June 16, 1941, published in ''El Djezair Sheets'', July 194History of Algeria . from the Arabic name '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Confederation Of Christian Workers
The French Confederation of Christian Workers (french: italic=no, Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens; CFTC) is one of the five major French confederation of trade unions, belonging to the social Christian tradition. It was founded in 1919 as the Trade Union of Employees of Industry and Commerce under the inspiration of Exupérien Mas with the goal of safeguarding the material as well as the spiritual interests of its members. In 1964, the union split, a majority founding the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT), a non-confessional trade-union. The CFTC is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation and the European Trade Union Confederation. Its leader is Jacques Voisin. Professional elections The CFTC won 8.69% of the vote in the employee's college during the 2008 professional elections. This result, however, is below the CFTC's 9.65% result in 2002, its best showing to date. In 2021 the CFTC won 11% of the vote. Affiliates The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Confederation Of Labour (France)
The General Confederation of Labour (french: Confédération Générale du Travail, CGT) is a national trade union center, founded in 1895 in the city of Limoges. It is the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions. It is the largest in terms of votes (32.1% at the 2002 professional election, 34.0% in the 2008 election), and second largest in terms of membership numbers. Its membership decreased to 650,000 members in 1995–96 (it had more than doubled when François Mitterrand was elected president in 1981), before increasing today to between 700,000 and 720,000 members, slightly fewer than the Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT). According to the historian M. Dreyfus, the direction of the CGT is slowly evolving, since the 1990s, during which it cut all organic links with the French Communist Party (PCF), in favour of a more moderate stance. The CGT is concentrating its attention, in particular since the 1995 general strikes, to tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Belin
René Belin (14 April 1898 – 2 January 1977) was a French trade unionist and politician. In the 1930s he became one of the leaders of the French General Confederation of Labour. He was strongly opposed to communism. In the prelude to World War II (1939–45) he favored a policy of appeasement. After the defeat of France, he was Minister of Industrial Production and Minister of Labour in the collaborationist Vichy Government, holding the latter office until April 1942. He oversaw the destruction of unionism. As a result, he was expelled from the CGT in 1944. After the war he tried to form an anti-communist union movement, but with limited success. Life Pre-war René Belin was born on 14 April 1898 at Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain. Belin was a clerk at the telephone company, then a writer at the PTT (Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones) in 1920. In 1926 he became secretary of the ''Confédération Générale du Travail'' (CGT: General Confederation of Labour) union of postal workers in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reims
Reims ( , , ; also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French department of Marne, and the 12th most populous city in France. The city lies northeast of Paris on the Vesle river, a tributary of the Aisne. Founded by the Gauls, Reims became a major city in the Roman Empire. Reims later played a prominent ceremonial role in French monarchical history as the traditional site of the coronation of the kings of France. The royal anointing was performed at the Reims Cathedral, Cathedral of Reims, which housed the Holy Ampulla of chrism allegedly brought by a white dove at the baptism of Frankish king Clovis I in 496. For this reason, Reims is often referred to in French as ("the Coronation City"). Reims is recognized for the diversity of its heritage, ranging from Romanesque architecture, Romanesque to Art Deco, Art-déco. Reims Cathedral, the adjacent Palace of Tau, and the Abbey of Saint-Remi were listed together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confédération Générale De La Production Française
The Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF: General Confederation of French Production) was a French manufacturers' association. Foundation The Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF) was created at the initiative of Étienne Clémentel. It was founded on 19 March 1919, bringing together 21 employers' federations in an attempt to unite previously competing groups. The CGPF demanded complete freedom from government interference, but the right to participate in any government action that might affect the interests of its members. The Union des industries et métiers de la métallurgie (UIMM) acted in effect as the instrument of the Comité des forges steelmakers' association for handling social issues. The UIMM provided logistic support to the Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF), with the result that the CGPF was accused of being simply a puppet of the steel industry. History The Fédération des Associations Ré ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Brenot
Paul Brenot (19 September 1880 – 19 August 1967) was a French engineer and industrialist who was active in the development of radio in France. He was an advocate of free enterprise and had corporatist opinions. He was criticized after World War II for working too closely with the German occupiers of France. Life Early years (1880–1918) Paul Brenot was born in Ruoms, Ardèche, on 19 September 1880. He joined the École Polytechnique in 1899. He graduated as an engineer, and from 1904 to 1919 collaborated with General Gustave-Auguste Ferrié in creating military radiotelegraphy. He was an important contributor to development of the Société française radio-électrique (SFR: French Radio Telephone Company) created in 1910 by Joseph Bethenod and Émile Girardeau. In 1910 Brenot was a pioneer in mounting a SFR radio set on a Blériot XI airplane. He was head of the wireless telegraphy (TSF: ''télégraphie sans fil'') service in the Ministry of Colonies from 1911 to 1919. Duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
