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Composite Nationalism
Composite nationalism ( Hindustani: ''mushtareka wataniyat'' or ''muttahidah qaumiyat'') is a concept that argues that the Indian nation is made of up people of diverse cultures, castes, communities, and faiths. The idea teaches that "nationalism cannot be defined by religion in India." While Indian citizens maintain their distinctive religious traditions, they are members of one united Indian nation. This principle opposes attempts to make Hindu nationalism, or any other religious chauvinism, a supposed requisite of Indian patriotism or nationalism. Composite nationalism maintains that prior to the arrival of the British into the subcontinent, no enmity between people of different religious faiths existed; and as such these artificial divisions can be overcome by Indian society. History Bipin Chandra Pal put forward the idea of composite patriotism in colonial India in 1906, promulgating the idea that "Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and other religious minorities (including t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Population Density Map Of British India According To 1911 Census
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a census, a process of collecting, analysing, compiling, and publishing data regarding a population. Perspectives of various disciplines Social sciences In sociology and population geography, population refers to a group of human beings with some predefined criterion in common, such as location, race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of populations. Ecology In ecology, a population is a group of organisms of the same species who inhabit the same particular geographical area and are capable of interbreeding. The area of a sexual population is the area where inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allah Bakhsh Soomro
Allah Bux Muhammad Umar Soomro ( sd, اللهَ بخشُ سوُمَرو) (1900 – 14 May 1943), ( Khan Bahadur Sir Allah Bux Muhammad Umar Soomro OBE till September 1942) or Allah Baksh Soomro, was a ''zamindar'', government contractor, Indian independence activist and politician from the province of Sindh in India. He is considered to be amongst the best premiers of the province, known for promoting Hindu-Muslim unity and campaigning for an independent, united India. He was referred to as Shaheed or "martyr". Allah Bux Soomro was born in 1900 in Shikarpur in Sindh in an affluent family. He founded the Sind Ittehad Party and served as the Chief Minister of Sindh from 23 March 1938 to 18 April 1940 and 7 March 1941 to 14 October 1942. He was assassinated, by assailants thought to belong to the All India Muslim League, in 1943. Soomro had three sons and five daughters. Early life Allah Bux Soomro was born in the family fief of Shikarpur in northern Sindh in 1900. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Abdul Ghaffār Khān (; 6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988), also known as Bacha Khan () or Badshah Khan (), and honourably addressed as Fakhr-e-Afghan (), was a Pakistani Pashtun, independence activist, and founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar resistance movement against British colonial rule in India. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition and lifelong pacifism; he was a devout Muslim and an advocate for Hindu–Muslim unity in the subcontinent Due to his similar ideologies and close friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, Khan was nicknamed Sarhadi Gandhi (). In 1929, Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar, an anti-colonial nonviolent resistance movement. The Khudai Khidmatgar's success and popularity eventually prompted the colonial government to launch numerous crackdowns against Khan and his supporters; the Khudai Khidmatgar experienced some of the most severe repression of the entire Indian independence movement. Khan strongly opposed the pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll
A scroll (from the Old French ''escroe'' or ''escroue''), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. Structure A scroll is usually partitioned into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyrus or parchment glued together at the edges. Scrolls may be marked divisions of a continuous roll of writing material. The scroll is usually unrolled so that one page is exposed at a time, for writing or reading, with the remaining pages rolled and stowed to the left and right of the visible page. Text is written in lines from the top to the bottom of the page. Depending on the language, the letters may be written left to right, right to left, or alternating in direction (boustrophedon). History Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used in Eastern Mediterranean ancient Egyptian civilizations. Parchment scrolls were used by the Israelites among others before the codex or bound book with parchment pages was invented ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devanagari
Devanagari ( ; , , Sanskrit pronunciation: ), also called Nagari (),Kathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, , page 83 is a left-to-right abugida (a type of segmental writing system), based on the ancient ''Brāhmī'' script, used in the northern Indian subcontinent. It was developed and in regular use by the 7th century CE. The Devanagari script, composed of 47 primary characters, including 14 vowels and 33 consonants, is the fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world, being used for over 120 languages.Devanagari (Nagari) , Script Features and Description, SIL International (2013), United States The |
Nastaleeq
''Nastaliq'' (; fa, , ), also romanized as ''Nastaʿlīq'', is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Perso-Arabic script in the Persian and Urdu languages, often used also for Ottoman Turkish poetry, rarely for Arabic. ''Nastaliq'' developed in Iran from '' naskh'' beginning in the 13th century and remains very widely used in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and as a minority script in India and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art. History The name ''nastaliq'' "is a contraction of the Persian , meaning a hanging or suspended '' naskh''". Virtually all Safavid authors (like Dust Muhammad or Qadi Ahmad) attributed the invention of to Mir Ali Tabrizi, who lived at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century. That tradition was questioned by Elaine Wright, who traced evolution of ''nastaliq'' in 14th century Iran and showed how it developed gradually among scribes in Shiraz. Moreover, according to her studies ''nastaliq'' has its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan Separatist Movement
The Pakistan Movement ( ur, , translit=Teḥrīk-e-Pākistān) was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India. It was connected to the perceived need for self-determination for Muslims under British rule at the time. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a barrister and politician led this movement after the Lahore Resolution was passed by All-India Muslim League on March 23rd, 1940 and Ashraf Ali Thanwi as a religious scholar supported it. Thanwi's disciples Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and Zafar Ahmad Usmani were key players in religious support for the creation of Pakistan. The Pakistan Movement started originally as the Aligarh Movement, and as a result, the British Indian Muslims began to develop a secular political identity. Soon thereafter, the All India Muslim League was formed, which perhaps marked the beginning of the Pakistan Movement. Many of the top leadership of the movement wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tufail Ahmad Manglori
Maulvi Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori was a colonial Indian educationalist and historian who was known for his establishment of City High School of the Aligarh Muslim University, founding of the journal ''Soodmand'', and opposition to the partition of India. His notable works include ''Musalmanon Ka Raushan Mustaqbil'' ("The Bright Future of Muslim"), which explicated the history of Muslims in India, as well as ''Rooh-e-Raushan Mustaqbil'' ("The Bright Spirit of the Future"), which argued against the Pakistan separatist movement. Manglori was a proponent of the concept of composite nationalism. He opposed the idea of separate electorates based on one's religion. Early life and education Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori was born in Manglaur, North-Western Provinces, India in 1868. He gained his private education at a maktab there. Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori enrolled in Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1879. He engaged with the Duty Society of Sahibzada Aftab Ahmad Khan and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Sajjad
Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad (1880 – 23 November 1940) was an Indian Islamic scholar who was one of the most influential ulemas of the 20th century. Sajjad was a founder of Anjuman-Ulama-i-Bihar, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, and Imarat-i-Sharia. A leader in the Indian independence movement, Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad participated in the Non-cooperation Movement, Khilafat Movement, and Civil Disobedience Movement; he opposed the partition of India and championed the concept of composite nationalism. He also founded the Muslim Independent Party in 1935 to represent Muslims in Bihar who were disillusioned with Congress and the Muslim League.The Muslim Independent Party formed the government in Bihar in 1937. Yunus, the party president, became the chief minister of Bihar on 1 April 1937. Early life and education Muhammad Sajjad was born in the Panhessa village in the Nalanda district of the Bihar Province in Colonial India. His father was Hussain Baksh who died when he was only 4 ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam
''Composite Nationalism and Islam'', titled ''Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam'' ( ur, ) is a book written in 1938 by Husain Ahmad Madani, the Dean of Darul Uloom Deoband, espousing composite nationalism—a united India for both Muslims and non-Muslims. The book opposed the partition of India and in it Madani advocated for "the ideal of a 'composite nationalism' within an united India, which he thought would be more conducive to the spread and prosperity of his community over the entire subcontinent than any religious partition." The book was translated into English in 2005 by the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. The idea of composite nationalism was and remains influential among the Muslims living in India, with the majority of them staying in independent India despite the partition, rather than migrating to the areas that separated to become Pakistan. Arguments Asgar Ali summarized a key point of ''Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam'': ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' put forth the ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hussain Ahmed Madani
Hussain Ahmad Madani (6 October 1879 – 5 December 1957) was an Indian Islamic scholar, serving as the principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was among the first recipients of the civilian honour of Padma Bhushan in 1954.The rise and fall of the Deoband movement The Nation (newspaper), Published 27 June 2015, Retrieved 19 July 2017 Madani played a key role in cementing the Congress-Khilafat Pact in the 1920s and "Through a series of lectures and pamphlets during the 1920s and 1930s, Madani prepared the ground for the cooperation of the Indian Ulama with the Indian National Congress." His work '' Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darul Uloom Deoband
The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary ( darul uloom) in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The seminary was established by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Fazlur Rahman Usmani, Sayyid Muhammad Abid and others in 1866. Mahmud Deobandi was the first teacher and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student. On 14 October 2020, the executive council of the seminary appointed Arshad Madani as the principal (''sadr-mudarris'') and Abul Qasim Nomani as the senior hadith professor (''shaykh al-hadith''). History Darul Uloom Deoband was established on 30 May 1866 by Fazlur Rahman Usmani, Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Muhammad Qasim Nanotawi, Mehtab Ali, Nehal Ahmad and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi. Mahmud Deobandi was appointed as the first teacher, and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student who enrolled in the seminary. In 1982, during the Vice Chancellorship of Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
