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Common Economic Zone Agreement
The Single Economic Space Agreement (SES) or Common Economic Zone Agreement (CEZ) is an international agreement on the intention to create conditions for the free movement of goods, services, capital and labor (single market) without the creation of supranational bodies, signed on 19 September 2003 by Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Initially this project was a separate one, but in June 2006, the implementation of this project was incorporated into the Eurasian Economic Community. The Single Economic Space would involve a Supranational aspects of international organizations, supranational commission on trade and tariffs that would be based in Kiev, would initially be headed by a representative of Kazakhstan, and would not be subordinate to the governments of the four nations. The ultimate goal would be a regional organisation that would be open for other countries to join as well, and could eventually lead even to a single currency. On 22 May 2003 The V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Economic Zone (CEZ) 19-Sep-2003
Common may refer to: As an Irish surname, it is anglicised from Irish language, Irish Gaelic surname Ó Comáin. Places * Common, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland * Boston Common, a central public park in Boston, Massachusetts * Cambridge Common, common land area in Cambridge, Massachusetts * Clapham Common, originally common land, now a park in London, UK * Common Moss, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland * Lexington Battle Green, Lexington Common, a common land area in Lexington, Massachusetts * Salem Common Historic District (Salem, Massachusetts), Salem Common Historic District, a common land area in Salem, Massachusetts People * Common (rapper) (born 1972), American hip hop artist, actor, and poet * Andrew Ainslie Common (1841–1903), English amateur astronomer * Andrew Common (1889–1953), British shipping director * John Common, American songwriter, musician and singer * Thomas Common (1850–1919), Scottish translator and literary critic Arts, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Integration
Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental, although it has typically taken the form of a political economy initiative where commercial interests are the focus for achieving broader socio-political and security objectives, as defined by national governments. Regional integration has been organized either via Supranational union, supranational institutional structures or through intergovernmentalism, intergovernmental decision-making, or a combination of both. Past efforts at regional integration have often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region, increasing the free movement of people, Labour (economics), labour, Good (economics), goods, and Capital (economics), capital across national borders, reducing the possibility of regional armed conflict (for examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Trade Areas In Europe
At present, there are six multi-lateral free trade areas in Europe, and one former free trade area in recent history. Note that there are also a number of bilateral free trade agreements between states and between trade blocks; and that some states participate in more than one free trade area. EU The European Union (EU) has always operated as more than a free trade area with its predecessor, the European Economic Community (EEC) being founded as a customs union. The EU has free trade agreements to varying levels with most other European countries. ;EU Single Market The EU shares its single market with three EFTA members via the European Economic Area agreement, and the remaining EFTA member—Switzerland—via bilateral agreements. ;EU Customs Union The European Union Customs Union is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union and Turkey, San Marino, Monaco, Andorra and the UK territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia which are outside of the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single Economic Space Of The Eurasian Economic Union
The Eurasian Economic Space or Single Economic Space is a single market that provides for the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the Eurasian Economic Union. The Single Economic Space was established in 2012 with the goal of creating an integrated single market. It is inspired by the European Internal market and the European Economic Area. The Eurasian Economic Space initially consisted of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia, and was enlarged to include Armenia and Kyrgyzstan from 1 January 2015.''Kyrgyzstan and Armenia will officially enter the Eurasian Customs Union that was created by Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, on the January 1, 2015.''Kyrgyzstan, Armenia officially enter Eurasian Economic Union, 24.kg. Retrieved 11 January 2014. The original treaty establishing the Single Economic Space was terminated by the agreement establishing the Eurasian Economic Union, signed in 2014, which incorporated the economic space into the EEU's legal framework. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of Independent States Agreement On Free Trade In Services, Establishment, Operations And Investment
The Agreement on Free Trade in Services, Establishment, Operations and Investment () is an international agreement on the creation a free trade regime in services and investment signed by 7 post-Soviet states namely Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan on 8 June 2023, at a meeting of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in Sochi, Russia to partly integrate Uzbekistan and Tajikistan on the common standards of the WTO (General Agreement on Trade in Services) and the EAEU (some provisions were borrowed from EAEU law) even without their membership in the WTO (Uzbekistan) or the EAEU (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan). It entered into force for Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and Tajikistan on 5 June 2024. It entered into force for Russia on 24 July 2024. On 14 October 2024, Armenia notified of its ratification of the Agreement and it enters into force for Armenia on 13 November 2024. The parties to the agreement are guaranteed predictable and understandabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of Independent States Free Trade Area
The Common Economic Space is the goal and the result of the process of economic integration of post-Soviet states envisaged by the Article 7 of the Agreement on the creation the Commonwealth of Independent States signed on 8 December 1991. According to Article 7, the High Contracting Parties indicate that through common coordinating institutions, their joint activities will consist in coordinating foreign policy activities, ''cooperation in the formation and development of a common economic space, common European and Eurasian markets, in the field of customs policy'', in the development of transport and communication systems, cooperation in the field of environmental protection, migration policy and the fight against organized crime. The former Soviet republics that became independent states were part of the economy of the Soviet Union with its common technical standards, common infrastructure, territorial proximity, chains of cooperation, and common legal heritage. Through the sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of Independent States Agreement On The Establishment Of A Free Trade Area
The Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area () is an international agreement on the intention to create a free trade regime in goods signed by 12 post-Soviet states on 15 April 1994, at a meeting of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Council of Heads of State in Moscow and entered into force on December 30, 1994.https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/321#documentCard Article 1 indicated that this was "the first stage of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union, Economic Union" (earlier envisaged by the Commonwealth of Independent States Treaty on the creation of an Economic Union, Treaty on the creation of an Economic Union signed on 24 September 1993 by Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan which were later joined by Turkmenistan and Georgia), but on 2 April 1999 the countries agreed to remove this phrase from the agreement. Article 17 also confirmed the intention to conclude a Trade in Services, free tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arseniy Yatsenyuk
Arseniy Petrovych Yatsenyuk (born 22 May 1974) is a Ukrainian politician, economist and lawyer who served two terms as Prime Minister of Ukraine – from 27 February 2014 to 27 November 2014 and from 27 November 2014 to 14 April 2016. He was the youngest foreign affairs minister in Ukraine's history. Arseniy Yatsenyuk holds a diplomatic rank of Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador. Yatsenyuk's first government post was as Minister of Economy from 2005 to 2006; subsequently he was Foreign Minister of Ukraine in 2007 and Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) from 2007 to 2008. Yatsenyuk was one of the leaders of Ukraine's second largest party All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland", [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astana
Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. With a population of 1,423,726 within the city limits, it is the second-largest in the country after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997. The city lies on the banks of the Ishim (river), Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, though administered as a city with special status separately from the rest of the region. Initially founded as Akmoly in 1830, the city was later renamed Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola before adopting the name ''Astana'' in 1998, which means "capital city" in Kazakh. In 2019, the city briefly adopted the name Nur-Sultan in honor of former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, but it returned to the name ''Astana'' in 2022. Astana’s history is marked by rapid growth, especially after becoming the capital. Its transformation into a modern and planned city was guided by a master plan designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa. Today, Astana is known for its futuristi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Integration
European integration is the process of political, legal, social, regional and economic integration of states wholly or partially in Europe, or nearby. European integration has primarily but not exclusively come about through the European Union and its policies, and can include cultural assimilation and centralisation. The history of European integration is marked by the Roman Empire's consolidation of European and Mediterranean territories, which set a precedent for the notion of a unified Europe. This idea was echoed through attempts at unity, such as the Holy Roman Empire, the Hanseatic League, and the Napoleonic Empire. The devastation of World War I reignited the concept of a unified Europe, leading to the establishment of international organizations aimed at political coordination across Europe. The interwar period saw politicians such as Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi and Aristide Briand advocating for European unity, albeit with differing visions. Post-World War II Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-speed Integration
Multi-speed integration (Multi-level or ''a la carte'' integration) refers to an integration community where participants independently choose to advance to different levels of integration, resulting in varying degrees of integration among members (including Economic integration). Multi-speed Europe and Differentiated integration approaches are discussed in the framework of European integration. In the context of European integration, the four freedoms are considered to be inseparable and inviolable. Countries hoping to share in the free movement of goods, services and capital must accept the free movement of labour as well. The European Union's chief Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier said the bloc was prepared to offer Britain an unprecedentedly close relationship after it quits the EU, but it would not permit anything that weakened the body's single market: "Single market means single market ... There is no single market ''a la carte''." Multi-speed integration is proposed in Mer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CIS Heads Of State
The Council of Heads of State of the CIS (), abbreviated in the Russian language as the SGG (СГГ), is a working body in the Commonwealth of Independent States. It serves as the supreme body of the CIS, and includes all the chief of state of CIS member states. Regular meetings of the council are held annually. It was created following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, directly replacing the State Council of the Soviet Union. there are 9 members of the CIS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Turkmenistan is an associate state of the CIS. Activities The activities of the Council of Heads of State are governed by the agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States of 8 December 1991 and the CIS Charter of 22 January 1993. At its meetings, the Council of Heads of State make decisions concerning amendments to the CIS Charter, the creation or abolition of bodies of the CIS, and optim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
