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Commission V Ireland (1985)
''Commission v Ireland'' refers to several different cases heard by the European Court of Justice, which the European Commission brought against Ireland for infringing European Union law. This includes breach of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), or a failure to implement European Union Directives European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe a ...: *In ''Commission v Ireland'' (1982)br>Case 249/81 the Irish government was wrong to fund and manage the "Buy Irish" campaign because it breached (what is now) TFEU article 34, by restricting free movement of goods. See also *'' Commission v France (other)'' *'' Commission v Germany (other)'' *'' Commission v United Kingdom (other)'' *'' Commission v Italy (other)'' {{Caselaw d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Justice
The European Court of Justice (ECJ, french: Cour de Justice européenne), formally just the Court of Justice, is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per member state – currently – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015. The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the ECJ. However, it is ultimately for the national court ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Europe
The Flag of Europe or European Flag consists of twelve golden stars forming a circle on a blue field. It was designed and adopted in 1955 by the Council of Europe (CoE) as a symbol for the whole of Europe. Since 1985, the flag has also been a symbol of the European Union (EU), whose 27 member states are all also CoE members, although in that year the EU had not yet assumed its present name or constitutional form (which came in steps in 1993 and 2009). Adoption by the EU, or EC as it then was, reflected long-standing CoE desire to see the flag used by other European organisations. Official EU use widened greatly in the 1990s. Nevertheless the flag has to date received ''no status'' in any of the EU's treaties. Its adoption as an official symbol was planned as part of the 2004 European Constitution but this failed to be ratified. Mention of the flag was removed in 2007 from the text of the Treaty of Lisbon, which ''was'' ratified. On the other hand, 16 EU members that year, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Ireland
The national flag of Ireland ( ga, bratach na hÉireann), frequently referred to in Ireland as 'the tricolour' () and elsewhere as the Irish tricolour is a vertical tricolour of green (at the hoist), white and orange. The proportions of the flag are 1:2 (that is to say, flown horizontally, the flag is half as high as it is wide). Presented as a gift in 1848 to Thomas Francis Meagher from a small group of French women sympathetic to Irish nationalism,Sean Duffy, The Concise History of Ireland, 2005 it was intended to symbolise the inclusion and hoped-for union between Roman Catholics (symbolised by the green colour) and Protestants (symbolised by the orange colour). The significance of the colours outlined by Meagher was, "The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between Orange and Green and I trust that beneath its folds the hands of Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics may be clasped in generous and heroic brotherhood". It was not until the Easter Rising of 191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. The Commission is divided into departments known as Directorates-General (DGs) that can be likened to departments or ministries each headed by a Director-General who is responsible to a Commissioner. There is one member per member state, but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. The Commission President (currently Ursula von der Leyen) is proposed by the European Council (the 27 heads of state/governments) and elected by the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President, and the 27 members as a team are then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the List of islands of the British Isles, second-largest island of the British Isles, the List of European islands by area, third-largest in Europe, and the List of islands by area, twentieth-largest on Earth. Geopolitically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Ireland), which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. As of 2022, the Irish population analysis, population of the entire island is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million living in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the List of European islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Law
European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community following World War II, the EU has developed the aim to "promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples". The EU has political institutions, social and economic policies, which transcend nation states for the purpose of cooperation and human development. According to its Court of Justice the EU represents "a new legal order of international law".''Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen'' (1963Case 26/62/ref> The EU's legal foundations are the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, currently unanimously agreed on by the governments of 27 member states. New members may join if they agree to follow the rules of the union, and existing states may leave according to their "own constitutional requirements".TEart 50 On the most sophisticated discu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty On The Functioning Of The European Union
The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of two treaties forming the Treaties of the European Union, constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), the other being the Treaty on European Union (TEU). It was previously known as the Treaty Establishing the European Community (TEC). The Treaty originated as the Treaty of Rome (fully the ''Treaty establishing the European Economic Community''), which brought about the creation of the European Economic Community (EEC), the best-known of the European Communities (EC). It was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, French Fourth Republic, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany and came into force on 1 January 1958. It remains one of the Treaties of the European Union, two most important treaties in the modern-day European Union (EU). Its name has been amended twice since 1957. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 removed the word "economic" from the Treaty of Rome's official title and, in 2009, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union that requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. Directives first have to be enacted into national law by member states before their laws are ruling on individuals residing in their countries. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter. The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection. Justification There are justifications for using a directive rather than a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commission V Ireland (1982)
''Commission v Ireland'' (1982Case 249/81is an EU law case, concerning the free movement of goods in the European Union. Facts The Irish Goods Council, a registered company, administered a ‘Buy Irish’ campaign. The outline of the campaign was set by government. The managing committee of the IGC had ten people appointed by the Minister for Industry. Funding came mostly from government. Trade had actually fallen by 6 per cent over the three years of the campaign. The Commission brought an action alleging that Ireland was in breach of (what is now) TFEU article 34, by restricting free movement of goods. Judgment The Court of Justice held that the ‘Buy Irish’ campaign of the government was contrary to TFEU article 34. See also *European Union law European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community following World War II, the EU has developed the aim to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commission V France (other)
''Commission v France'' (or Commission of the European Communities v French Republic) refers to several different cases heard by the European Court of Justice, which the European Commission brought against France for infringing European Union law. This includes breach of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), or a failure to implement European Union Directives: *In '' Commission v France (1984)'C-202/82 France and Italy require that pasta products be manufactured from durum wheat and do not contain common wheat. France used a different method of analysis to Italy when testing whether pasta contained common wheat. *In '' Commission v France (1987)'C-196/85 France's system of differential tax treatment for natural sweet wines and liqueur wines did not violate the Treaty of Rome 1957, Article 95. *In '' Commission v France (1988)'C-312/86 France had failed to adopt all measures to implement Directive 76/207 on gender discrimination by allowing certain privilege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commission V Germany (other)
''Commission v Germany'' may refer to: *'' Commission v Germany'' (1987), in which article 34 TFEU did not permit the German Beer Tax Act to limit the definition of "beer" to just products that contained only malted barley, hops, yeast, water. *'' Commission v Germany'' (2007), on freedom of capital, holding it was "disproportionate" to limit big shareholders' votes and for Lower Saxony to have a golden share, for the government's stated aim of protecting workers or minority shareholders. See also *''Commission v France (other) ''Commission v France'' (or Commission of the European Communities v French Republic) refers to several different cases heard by the European Court of Justice, which the European Commission brought against France for infringing European Union law ...'' *'' Commission v Ireland (other)'' *'' Commission v Italy (other)'' *'' Commission v United Kingdom (other)'' {{Caselaw disambiguation Court of Justice of the European U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commission V United Kingdom (other)
''Commission v United Kingdom'' may refer to: * ''Commission v United Kingdom'' (C-337/89) (1992), an EU law case concerning water quality standards and enforcement under the Drinking Water Directive * ''Commission v United Kingdom'' (C-484/04) (2006), a European labour law and UK labour lawcase concerning the Working Time Directive, which is relevant for the Working Time Regulations 1998 * ''Commission v United Kingdom'' (C-516/22) (2024) See also *''Commission v France (other)'' *''Commission v Germany (other) ''Commission v Germany'' may refer to: *'' Commission v Germany'' (1987), in which article 34 TFEU did not permit the German Beer Tax Act to limit the definition of "beer" to just products that contained only malted barley, hops, yeast, water. *'' ...'' *'' Commission v Italy (other)'' *'' Commission v Ireland (other)'' {{Caselaw disambiguation Court of Justice of the European Union case law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
