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Commentry
Commentry (; Auvergnat: ''Comentriac'') is a commune in the department of Allier in central France. It lies southwest of Moulins in the valley of the Œil. It is within 8 km of one of the geographic centres of France. The film actress Yvonne Rozille (1900–1985) was born in Commentry. Population History Commentry was home to Compagnie de Commentry-Fourchambault-Decazeville, thanks to an important coal deposit. The coal mine fueled a huge growth in population, from under 1,000 to more than 12,000, while Stéphane Mony was its CEO (1840–1884). Commentry was the first commune ever to elect a socialist mayor: Christophe Thivrier was elected 6 June 1882. The Socialist Party of France was founded in Commentry in September 1902. Economy Commentry gave its name to a coal field over 21 square kilometres in extent, and historically had important foundries and forges. Science Charles Brongniart discovered many fossils near Commentry, including ''Meganeura'' in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stéphane Mony
Stéphane Christophe Mony (or Stéphane Flachat, or Mony-Flachat, 14 February 1800 – 10 March 1884) was a French railway engineer, company president and politician. He was involved in the Saint-Simonian movement when a young man. He was trained as an engineer, and he and his half brother Eugène Flachat built the Paris-Saint Germain and Paris-Versailles railway lines between 1833 and 1840. He was then appointed head of the Commentry mining company, later Commentry-Fourchambault, a position he held until his death. He was elected to the legislature towards the end of the Second French Empire, from 1868 to 1870. He did not succeed in getting reelected in the French Third Republic. Family Stéphane Christophe Mony was born in Paris on 14 February 1800. He was the son of Marguerite Charlotte Marthe Mony, who had divorced the Paris notary Pierre Jalabert in November 1799. There was no mention of infidelity in the divorce proceedings, and his mother did not inform Jalabert of her pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christophe Thivrier
Christophe Thivrier (16 May 1841 – 8 August 1895) was a French politician of working class origins who was the first Socialist mayor in France, and deputy of Allier from 1889 to 1895. At this time the industrialists of France were using dismissals and other forms of repression in an attempt to stamp out socialism, and workers were responding with strikes. Thivrier was uncompromising in his socialist principles, and was known as the "''deputé en blouse''" for wearing his blue worker's smock in the Assembly to the outrage of the bourgeois members. Early years 1841–74 Christophe Thivrier (or Tivrier, known as Christou) was born on 16 May 1841 in Durdat-Larequille, Allier, the youngest of four children. His parents were Jean Gilbert Thivrier (1809–1904) and Marie Anne Mansier (1799–1852). His father was from Néris-les-Bains, and worked as a farm laborer, in construction and in the mines. Christophe had to leave school and start work at an early age. He became a miner. Whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Fayol
Henri Fayol (29 July 1841 – 19 November 1925) was a French mining engineer, mining executive, author and director of mines who developed a general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism.Morgen Witzel (2003). ''Fifty key figures in management''. Routledge, 2003. , p.96. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of scientific management but roughly contemporaneously. Like his contemporary Frederick Winslow Taylor, he is widely acknowledged as a founder of modern management methods. Biography Fayol was born in 1841 in a suburb of Constantinople (now Istanbul). His father, a military engineer, was appointed superintendent of works to build Galata Bridge, across the Golden Horn. The family returned to France in 1847, where Fayol graduated from the mining academy " École Nationale Supérieure des Mines" in Saint-Étienne in 1860. That same year, aged 19, Fayol started working at the mining company named " Compagnie de Commentry-Fourchamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Jules Edmée Brongniart
Charles Jules Edmée Brongniart (11 February 1859, in Paris – 18 April 1899, in Paris) was a French entomologist and paleontologist. A pioneer in the field of paleoentomology, he made important contributions towards the understanding of insect evolution. He is remembered for his studies of Late Carboniferous fauna found at Commentry, France. Selected works * ''Les Hyménoptères fossiles'', 1881 – Hymenoptera fossils.IDREF.fr bibliography * ''Sur un gigantesque Neurorthoptère, provenant des terrains houillers de Commentry (Allier)'', 1884 – On a gigantic Neurorthoptera, found in the coalfields of Commentry. * ''Les Insectes fossiles des terrains primaires : coup d'oeil rapide sur la faune entomologique des terrains paléozoïques, avec 5 planches en héliogravure'', 1885; Translated into English by Mark Stirrup (Salford: J. Roberts and Sons, 1885) a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party Of France (1902)
The Socialist Party of France (''Parti socialiste de France'') was a socialist political party. The party was founded in 1902 during a congress in Commentry by the merger of the Marxist French Workers' Party led by Jules Guesde and the Blanquist Socialist Revolutionary Party of Édouard Vaillant. Unlike the French Socialist Party of Jean Jaurès, it refused to support bourgeois governments and so to take part in the ''Bloc des gauches'' coalition. However, the two parties merged in 1905 under the pressure of the Second International into the French Section of the Workers' International The French Section of the Workers' International (french: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party. The SFIO was foun .... Footnotes Further reading * D. A. MacGibbon (January 1911). "French Socialism Today". ''Journal of Political Economy'' Part 1 Vol. 19. No. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of The Allier Department
The following is a list of the 317 communes of the Allier department of France. Intercommunalities The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):BANATIC Périmètre des EPCI à fiscalité propre. Accessed 3 July 2020. * Montluçon Communauté (CAML) *Communauté d'agglomération (CAMO, partly) *Communauté d'agglomération [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yvonne Rozille
Yvonne Rozille, ''née'' Marie-Yvonne Gilberte Rouzille (5 January 1900, Commentry – 1 December 1985, Grasse) was a French film actress. In 1937, she married Georges Gaillard, honorary prefect and codirector of the Théâtre du Vaudeville, founder of the ''Revue de Hollande''. Filmography *1931: '' Ma tante d'Honfleur'' by André Gillois *1931: ''Mariage d'amour'' by Henri Diamant-Berger (short film) *1932: '' Moonlight'' by Henri Diamant-Berger : Berthe Lydiane *1935: ''La Route heureuse'' by Georges Lacombe : Tante Anna *1935: ''L'École des vierges'' by Pierre Weill *1935: ''Le Train d'amour'' by Pierre Weill *1935: ''La Coqueluche de ces dames'' by Gabriel Rosca *1936: '' Tout va très bien madame la marquise'' by Henry Wulschleger *1936: ''La Madone de l'Atlantique'' by Pierre Weill *1937: '' Un soir à Marseille'' by Maurice de Canonge *1937: '' Arsène Lupin détective'' by Henri Diamant-Berger *1937: '' La Fessée'' by Pierre Caron : Princesse Henriette *1938: '' L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Vergé
Roger Vergé (, 7 April 1930 – 5 June 2015) was a French chef and restaurateur. He is considered one of the greatest chefs of his time. The Gault Millau described him as "the very incarnation of the great French chef for foreigners". Personal life Roger Vergé was born 7 April 1930 in Commentry, which is a commune in the department of Allier in central France. His father was a blacksmith. He said he was inspired to learn cooking from his aunt Célestine, to whom he dedicated many of his books. He began work under Alexis Chanier at restaurant ''Le Bourbonnais'' in his aunt's hometown, and trained at the ''Tour d'Argent'' and the '' Plaza Athénée'', before leaving France to work in Africa. He worked in the restaurant of ''Mansour de Casablanca'' (in Morocco), ''L'Oasis'' (in Algeria) and in Kenya. Back in Europe, he worked in the restaurants of '' Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo'' (in Monaco) and ''Le Club de Cavalière'' (in Le Lavandou, France). He was a keen collector of art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fayolism
Fayolism was a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized the role of management in organizations, developed around 1900 by the French manager and management theorist Henri Fayol (1841–1925). It was through Fayol's work as a philosopher of administration that he contributed most widely to the theory and practice of organizational management. Research and teaching of management Fayol successfully was CEO of Compagnie de Commentry-Fourchambault-Decazeville from 1888 on, and methodically analysed how this worked. He believed by focusing on managerial practices he could minimize misunderstandings and increase efficiency in organizations. He enlightened managers on how to accomplish their managerial duties, and the practices in which they should engage. In his book ''General and Industrial Management'' (published in French in 1916, then published in English in 1949), Fayol outlined his theory of general management, which he believed could be applied to the administratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Bayet
Jean Bayet (12 November 1892 – 5 December 1969) was a French Latinist. A Professor of Latin Language and Literature at the Sorbonne, he was Director-General of Education in 1944 and Director of the École française de Rome from 1952 to 1960. In 1948 he was elected a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. A specialist of Latin literature and Religion in ancient Rome, Jean Bayet, through his works and the theses he directed, played a decisive role in the development of a French school of history of the Roman religion, particularly active in the second half of the twentieth century. Biography His grandfather was mayor of Commentry Allier from 1871 to 1873. His mother, Louise Villain, was the daughter of (1830–1907) deputy mayor of Sedan at the end of the 19th century. François Bayet, his son, died in deportation. As a child he was overwhelmed with an infirmity in his legs, which made walking painful and made him suffer all his life; he had to give up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Mâle
Émile Mâle (; 2 June 1862 – 6 October 1954) was a French art historian, one of the first to study medieval, mostly sacred, sacral French art and the influence of Eastern European iconography thereon. He was a member of the Académie française, and a director of the Académie de France à Rome. Biography Mâle was born in Commentry, Auvergne (region), Auvergne. A pupil at the École normale supérieure, he received his degree in 1886. He taught rhetoric at Saint-Étienne, then at the University of Toulouse. He received his doctorate in 1899. Having taught a course in the history of Christian art at the University of Paris, Sorbonne since 1906, he held the chair in history of art there from 1912. He was the successor to Louis Duchesne as head of the French Academy in Rome, 1923–1937. Among Mâle's many contributions to the understanding of the art of bygone eras were his explanations of iconography and the use of allegory in religious art.Mâle, Émile, ''Religious Art from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meganeura
''Meganeura'' is a genus of extinct insects from the Late Carboniferous (approximately 300 million years ago). They resembled and are related to the present-day dragonflies and damselflies, and were predatory, with their diet mainly consisting of other insects. The genus belongs to the Meganeuridae, a family including other similarly giant dragonfly-like insects ranging from the Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian. With a wingspan ranging from to over , ''M. monyi'' is one of the largest-known flying insect species. Fossils of ''Meganeura'' were first discovered in Late Carboniferous ( Stephanian) Coal Measures of Commentry, France in 1880. In 1885, French paleontologist Charles Brongniart described and named the fossil "''Meganeura''" (large-nerved), which refers to the network of veins on the insect's wings. Another fine fossil specimen was found in 1979 at Bolsover in Derbyshire. The holotype is housed in the National Museum of Natural History, in Paris. Despite being th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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