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Combat-net Radio
In telecommunication, a combat-net radio (CNR) is a radio operating in a network that (a) provides a half-duplex circuit and (b) uses either a single radio frequency or a discrete set of radio frequencies when in a frequency hopping mode. CNRs are primarily used for push-to-talk-operated radio nets for command and control of combat, combat support, and combat service support operations among military ground, sea, and air forces. In the United States, two military standards govern the use of combat net radios and the host applications that communicate over the network: MIL-STD-188-220 and MIL-STD-2045-47001. In addition to IETF RFCs governing UDP, TCP, and IPv4/IPv6, all seven layers of the OSI communications architecture are addressed. MIL-STD-2045-47001 covers layer 7 (application), while MIL-STD-188-220 covers layers 1 through 3 (physical, data link, and network). Examples * AN/PRC-152 by Harris Corporation *AN/PRC-117 * AN/PRC-77 *SINCGARS * AN/PRC-148 MBITR *PR4G by Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that feasible with the human voice, but with a similar scale of expediency; thus, slow systems (such as postal mail) are excluded from the field. The transmission media in telecommunication have evolved through numerous stages of technology, from beacons and other visual signals (such as smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs), to electrical cable and electromagnetic radiation, including light. Such transmission paths are often divided into communication channels, which afford the advantages of multiplexing multiple concurrent communication sessions. ''Telecommunication'' is often used in its plural form. Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages, such as coded d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physical Layer
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer; The layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the line code to use and similar low-level parameters, are specified by the physical layer. Role The physical layer defines the means of transmitting a stream of raw bits over a physical data link connecting network nodes. The bitstream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a transmission medium. The physical layer consists of the electronic circuit transmission technologies of a network. It is a fundamental layer underlying the higher level functions in a network, and can be i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Electronics Type Designation System
The Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), which was previously known as the Joint Army-Navy Nomenclature System (AN System. JAN) and the Joint Communications-Electronics Nomenclature System, is a method developed by the U.S. War Department during World War II for assigning an unclassified designator to electronic equipment. In 1957, the JETDS was formalized in MIL-STD-196. Computer software and commercial unmodified electronics for which the manufacturer maintains design control are not covered. Applicability Electronic material, from a military point of view, generally includes those electronic devices employed in data processing, detection and tracking (underwater, sea, land-based, air and space), recognition and identification, communications, aids to navigation, weapons control and evaluation, flight control, and electronics countermeasures. Nomenclature is assigned to: * Electronic materiel of military design * Commercial electronic materiel that has been modifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JTRS
The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) aimed to replace existing radios in the American military with a single set of software-defined radios that could have new frequencies and modes (“waveforms”) added via upload, instead of requiring multiple radio types in ground vehicles, and using circuit board swaps in order to upgrade. JTRS has seen cost overruns and full program restructurings, along with cancellation of some parts of the program. JTRS is widely seen as one of the DoD's greatest acquisition failures, having spent $6B over 15 years without delivering a radio. JTRS HMS (Handheld, Manpack & Small Form-Fit (SFF)) radios are jointly developed and manufactured by Thales and General Dynamics Mission Systems. These software-defined radios are designed as successors to the JTRS-compatible CSCHR (Consolidated Single Channel Handheld Radios, ie. AN/PRC-148 and AN/PRC-152), securely transmitting voice and data simultaneously using Type 2 cryptography and the new Soldier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clansman (military Radio)
Clansman is the name of a combat net radio system (CNR) used by the British Army from 1976 to 2010. Clansman was developed by the Signals Research and Development Establishment (SRDE) in the 1960s, to satisfy a General Staff Requirement (GSR) laid down in 1965. Clansman represented a considerable advance over existing Larkspur radio system, and proved to be more flexible, reliable and far lighter. The technological advances in the design of Clansman allowed the introduction of Single SideBand (SSB) operation and NarrowBand Frequency Modulation (NBFM) to forward area combat net radio for the first time. Most Clansman radio equipment was built by Racal, Mullard Equipment Ltd ( MEL) and Plessey, although headsets and ancillaries were also produced by Amplivox (who were later subsumed into Racal Acoustics), Marconi and others. Clansman was in use by British forces from the late 1970s and saw service in most UK military operations. It was replaced in the mid-2000s by the Bowman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thales Communications
Thales Defense & Security, Inc. (formerly Thales Communications Inc.), a subsidiary of the Thales Group, is a leading manufacturer of tactical communications equipment, including the AN/PRC-148 MBITR and JEM (JTRS Enhanced Module), currently fielded with the US Army and NATO forces worldwide. It is currently involved in the Joint Tactical Radio System The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) aimed to replace existing radios in the American military with a single set of software-defined radios that could have new frequencies and modes (“waveforms”) added via upload, instead of requiring mult ... program, fielding its JEM MBITR radio. Sources Defense companies of the United States Telecommunications companies of the United States Thales Group divisions and subsidiaries {{Tech-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AN/PRC-148
The AN/PRC-148 Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio (MBITR) is the most widely fielded handheld multiband, tactical software-defined radio, used by NATO forces around the world. The radio is built by Thales Communications, a subsidiary of the France-based Thales Group. The designation AN/PRC translates to Army/Navy Portable Radio used for two way Communications, according to Joint Electronics Type Designation System guidelines. The MBITR was developed by the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and Thales Communications in the 1990s and went into production in 1994, to address the need for a secure multiband handheld radio.Thales PRC-148 JEM: The First Tactically Deployed JTRS Radio? Defense Industry Daily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SINCGARS
Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) is a Combat-net radio (CNR) used by U.S. and allied military forces. The CNR network is designed around three systems: SINCGARS, the high frequency (HF) radio, and the SC tactical satellite (TACSAT). Each system has different capabilities and transmission characteristics. SINCGARS is a family of user-owned and operated, very high frequency-frequency modulation (VHF-FM) CNRs. In the CNR network, the SINCGARS’ primary role is voice transmission for command and control (C2) between surface and airborne C2 assets. SINCGARS can transmit and receive secure data and facsimile transmissions through simple connections with various data terminal equipment. SINCGARS features provide communications interoperability for the Army, Marine, Navy, and Air Force, thus contributing to successful combat operations. It is also consistent with North Atlantic Treaty Organization interoperability requirements. The radios, which is han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AN/PRC-77 Portable Transceiver
AN/PRC 77 Radio Set is a manpack, portable VHF FM combat-net radio transceiver manufactured by Associated Industries Manufacturer's website. and used to provide short-range, two-way radiotelephone voice communication. In the (JETDS), AN/PRC translates to "Army/Navy, Portable, Radio, Communication." History The AN/PRC-77 entered service in 1968 during the as an upgrade to the earlier AN/PRC-25. It differ ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AN/PRC-117
The AN/PRC-117 translates to "Army/Navy, Portable, Radio, Communication". It is a man-portable, tactical software-defined combat-net radio, manufactured by Harris Corporation, in two different versions: * AN/PRC-117F Falcon II MBMMR (Multiband Multimission Manpack Radio), also referred to as AN/PRC-117F-MP, covering the 30-512 MHz frequency range, provided without an internal GPS (optionally an external commercial GPS can be connected, or a GPS SAASM as a PLGR (Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver) or a DAGR (Defense Advanced GPS Receiver); * AN/PRC-117G Falcon III MNMR (Multiband Networking Manpack Radio), also referred to as AN/PRC-117G-MP, covering the 30-2000 MHz frequency range, and provided with internal SAASM GPS (optionally an external commercial GPS can be connected). Both radios have NSA certification for the transmission of voice and data traffic up to the Top Secret level. The designation AN/PRC signifies "Army Navy / Portable Radio Communications" and is b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harris Corporation
Harris Corporation was an American technology company, defense contractor, and information technology services provider that produced wireless equipment, tactical radios, electronic systems, night vision equipment and both terrestrial and spaceborne antennas for use in the government, defense and commercial sectors. They specialized in surveillance solutions, microwave weaponry, and electronic warfare. In 2019, it merged with L3 Technologies to form L3Harris Technologies. Headquartered in Melbourne, Florida, the company had approximately $7 billion of annual revenue. It was the largest private-sector employer in Brevard County, Florida (approximately 6,000). From 1988 to 1999, the company was the parent of Intersil, under the name Harris Semiconductor. In 2016, Harris was named one of the top hundred federal contractors by '' Defense News''. In January 2015, ''Wired'' Magazine ranked Harris Corporation—tied with U.S. Marshals Service—as the number two threat to priv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
