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Colpocephalum
''Colpocephalum'' is a genus of chewing louse. Christian Ludwig Nitzsch named the genus in 1818. The Plenary Powers of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature selected ''Colpocephalum zebra'' as its type species in the 1950s. There are approximately 135 species in this genus, and they are ectoparasites of birds in at least a dozen different orders. Taxonomic history and the type species ''Colpocephalum'' was circumscribed by Christian Ludwig Nitzsch in 1818. Nitzsch classified this taxon as a subgenus of the genus ''Liotheum''. He included four species, which in his taxonomy were called ''L.'' (''C.'') ''zebra'', ''L.'' (''C.'') ''flavescens'', ''L.'' (''C.'') ''subaequale'', and ''L.'' (''C.'') ''ochraceum''. The first three species were ''nomina nuda''; only the last was accompanied with an indication to a previously-published illustration, namely a 17th-century illustration by Francesco Redi. He wrote the indication as "Pulex avis pluvialis Redi exp. fig. sup. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colpocephalum Zebra
''Colpocephalum'' is a genus of chewing louse. Christian Ludwig Nitzsch named the genus in 1818. The Plenary Powers of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature selected ''Colpocephalum zebra'' as its type species in the 1950s. There are approximately 135 species in this genus, and they are ectoparasites of birds in at least a dozen different orders. Taxonomic history and the type species ''Colpocephalum'' was circumscribed by Christian Ludwig Nitzsch in 1818. Nitzsch classified this taxon as a subgenus of the genus ''Liotheum''. He included four species, which in his taxonomy were called ''L.'' (''C.'') ''zebra'', ''L.'' (''C.'') ''flavescens'', ''L.'' (''C.'') ''subaequale'', and ''L.'' (''C.'') ''ochraceum''. The first three species were ''nomina nuda''; only the last was accompanied with an indication to a previously-published illustration, namely a 17th-century illustration by Francesco Redi. He wrote the indication as "Pulex avis pluvialis Redi exp. fig. sup. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectoparasites
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferrisia
''Ferrisia'' is a genus of mealybugs. Taxonomic history David T. Fullaway circumscribed the genus in 1923. He included one species: '' F. virgata'', which was initially described in ''Dactylopius'' and had been transferred to '' Pseudococcus''. In 1929, Ryoichi Takahashi proposed ''Ferrisiana'' as a replacement name because he thought the existence of the mollusk genus ''Ferrissia'' meant ''Ferrisia'' was an invalid junior homonym. ''Ferrisiana'' was subsequently used by other authors to refer to this genus. In the 1960s, Harold and Emily R. Morrison and Howard L. McKenzie showed that the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature says the difference of one letter is enough to distinguish genera names, making ''Ferrisia'' the valid name for the genus. In 2012, M. B. Kaydan and P. J. Kullan circumscribed a new genus '' Pseudoferrisia'' for the species previously known as ''Ferrisia floridana''. Species , species include: * ''Ferrisia claviseta'' * ''Ferrisia colombiana'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actornithophilus
''Actornithophilus'' is a genus of louse in the family Amblycera. It was circumscribed by Gordon Floyd Ferris in 1916. Its species are ectoparasites of birds in the order Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from ''Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water an .... Species , the following species are recognized: * '' A. ardeolae'' * '' A. bicolor'' * '' A. canuti'' * '' A. ceruleus'' * '' A. crinitus'' * '' A. erinaceus'' * '' A. flumineus'' * '' A. gracilis'' * '' A. grandiceps'' * '' A. himantopi'' * '' A. hoplopteri'' * '' A. incisus'' * '' A. kilauensis'' * '' A. lacustris'' * '' A. limarius'' * '' A. limosae'' * '' A. lyallpurensis'' * '' A. mexicanus'' * '' A. multisetosus'' * '' A. nodularis'' * '' A. ocellatus'' * '' A. ochraceus'' * '' A. paludosus'' * '' A. patellatus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugene O'Mahony
Eugene O'Mahony (1899 - 21 June 1951) was an Irish museum curator and entomologist who worked on Coleoptera, Mallophaga and Siphonaptera. Early life Eugene O'Mahony was born County Limerick in 1899. He moved to Dublin as a child, and due to ill health he did not attend school. He suffered from multiple neurofibromata later in his life. Before taking up his job in the museum, O'Mahony described himself as an electrical engineer. Museum career O'Mahony worked in the Natural History Museum, Dublin, being appointed as a Technical Assistant in 1922. He worked with Albert Russell Nichols, James Nathaniel Halbert and Arthur Wilson Stelfox, having been trained by Halbert alongside Stelfox. After the retirement of Nichols and Halbert, O'Mahony was one of only two staff members of the museum from 1924 to 1930. Stelfox contends that O'Mahony had considerable duties and at times had sole responsibility for the zoological collections, despite never rising above the position of Technic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Available Name
In zoological nomenclature, an available name is a scientific name for a taxon of animals that has been published conforming to all the mandatory provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature for the establishment of a zoological name. For a name to be available, there are a number of general requirements it must fulfill: it must use only the Latin alphabet, be published in a timely fashion by a reputable source, etc. In some rare cases, a name which does not meet these requirements may nevertheless be available, for historical reasons. All available names must refer to a type. For species-level names, the type is a specimen (a holotype or lectotype); for generic-level names, the type is a species name; for family-level names, the type is a genus name. This hierarchical system of typification provides a concrete empirical anchor for all zoological names. An available name is not necessarily a valid name, because an available name may be in synonymy. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congener (biology)
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species. Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing something special. Each animal or plant species is special. It differs in some way from all other species...biological specificity is the major problem about understanding life." Biological specificity within ''Homo sapiens'' ''Homo sapiens'' has many characteristics that show the biological specificity in the form of behavior and morphological traits. Morphologically, humans have an enlarged cranial capacity and more gracile features in comparison to other hominins. The reduction of dentition is a feature that allows for the advantage of adaptability in diet and survival. As a species, humans are culture dependent and much of human survival relies on the culture and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been described previously or are related. In order for species to be validly described, they need to follow guidelines established over time. Zoological naming requires adherence to the ICZN code, plants, the ICN, viruses ICTV, and so on. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of type material along with a note on where they are deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct throughout the existence of life on Earth. Naming process A name of a new species becomes valid (available in zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Meinertzhagen
Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, CBE, DSO (3 March 1878 – 17 June 1967) was a British soldier, intelligence officer, and ornithologist. He had a decorated military career spanning Africa and the Middle East. He was credited with creating and executing the Haversack Ruse in October 1917, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, but his participation in this matter has since been refuted. While early biographies lionized Meinertzhagen as a master of military strategy and espionage, later works such as ''The Meinertzhagen Mystery'' present him as a fraud for fabricating stories of his feats and speculated he murdered his wife (in addition to extra-judicial killings while in the colonial service). The discovery of stolen museum bird specimens resubmitted as original discoveries has raised serious doubts on the veracity of many of his ornithological records. Background and youth Meinertzhagen was born into a wealthy, socially connected British family. His f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch (3 September 1782 – 16 August 1837) was a German zoologist. He is best remembered for his approach to classifying birds on the basis of their feather tract distributions or pterylosis of their young. Career He was professor of zoology at the University of Halle. While his primary interest lay in ornithology, Nitzsch published studies on other topics, including diatoms (the diatom genus ''Nitzchia'' is named after him). He is also widely credited with producing the first systematic zoological studies of lice, Nitzsch Ch. L., Darstellung der Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsecten (insecta epizoica). ''Magazin fur die Entomologie, Germar, Zincken'', Bd.3 (1818). In 1832, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Works * ''De respiratione animalium'', 1808 * „Die Familien der Thierinsekten“ im Germar's Magazin für Entomologie, Band 3 1818 * „Zur Geschichte der Thierinsektenkunde“ in der Zeitschrift für gesammelt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Charles Bequaert
Joseph Charles Bequaert was an American naturalist of Belgian origin, born 24 May 1886 in Torhout (Belgium) and died on 12 January 1982 in Amherst, Massachusetts. Clench WJ (1982). "Joseph Charles Bequaert". '' The Nautilus'' 96(2)page 35 Career Bequaert obtained a doctorate in botany at the University of Ghent in 1908. He was an entomologist, and from 1910 to 1912 he was part of ''la commission Belge sur la maladie du sommeil'' (Belgian Committee on sleeping sickness). From 1913 to 1915 he worked as a botanist in the Belgian Congo and also collected mollusks. In 1916 he emigrated to the United States and was an associate researcher from 1917 to 1922 at the American Museum of Natural History. He became an American citizen in 1921, and taught Entomology at the Harvard Medical School. From 1929 to 1956 he was Curator of Insects at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, and was Professor of Zoology from 1951 to 1956 within the same institution. Bequaert became president ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICZN Code
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (which shares the acronym "ICZN"). The rules principally regulate: * How names are correctly established in the frame of binominal nomenclature * Which name must be used in case of name conflicts * How scientific literature must cite names Zoological nomenclature is independent of other systems of nomenclature, for example botanical nomenclature. This implies that animals can have the same generic names as plants (e.g. there is a genus ''Abronia'' in both animals and plants). The rules and recommendations have one fundamental aim: to provide the maximum universality and continuity in the naming of all animals, except where taxonomic judgment dictates otherwise. The code is meant to guid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
