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Collegium Of Accounting
The Collegium of Accounting (''Revizion-kollegia'', or ''of Revision'' or of Auditing; also College) was a Russian executive body (collegium), created in the government reform of 1717. It was de-established during the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia. Its first President was Vasily Dolgorukov. History In 1711, following the establishment of the highest governing body - the Senate, the formation of sectoral governing bodies began - the colleges, replaced the order (Prikaz) system. According to the Swedish model, three colleges were established in the management of the reformed public finances: the chamber-college was in charge of income, the stats-office-college was in charge of expenditures and the revision college – responsible for the checks. Previously, the control over the state funds expenditures have been executed by the Prikaz on audited cases. In December 1717, the college organigram were approved, and the president and vice president were appoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegium (ministry)
The ''collegia'' (plural of a ''collegium'', "joined by law") were government departments in Imperial Russia, established in 1717 by Peter the Great. They were housed in the Twelve Collegia building in Saint Petersburg. The reasons for establishing the colleges In 1718-19, the liquidation of the former state bodies took place, replacing them with new ones, more suitable for young Peter the Great of Russia. The Senate founding in 1711 served as a signal for the establishing of the sectoral management bodies - colleges. According to the plan of the Peter the Great, they had to replace the awkward system of prikaz and bring two innovations into the administration: # The systematic separation of departments (orders often substituted each other, performing the same function that caused chaos in management. Moreover, some other functions were not at all covered by any clerical proceedings). # Advisory procedure for solving the cases. The form of the new central government was borrowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Reform Of Peter I
The government reforms of Peter I aimed to modernize the Tsardom of Russia (later the Russian Empire) based on Western European models. Peter ascended to the throne at the age of 10 in 1682; he ruled jointly with his half-brother Ivan V. After Ivan's death in 1696, Peter started his series of sweeping reforms. At first he intended these reforms to support the Great Northern War of 1700-1721; later, more systematic reforms significantly changed the internal structure and administration of the state. Background During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), which dominated most of Peter's reign, Russia, along with a host of allies, seized control of the Baltic Sea from Sweden and gained considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe. The war, one of history's costliest at the time, consumed significant financial and economic resources, and the administrative system Peter had inherited from his predecessors strained to gather and manage resources. During his Grand Embassy (russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine II Of Russia
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst , birth_place = Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia, Holy Roman Empire(now Szczecin, Poland) , death_date = (aged 67) , death_place = Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire , burial_date = , burial_place = Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg , signature = Catherine The Great Signature.svg , religion = Catherine II (born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power following the overthrow of her husband, Peter III. Under her long reign, inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, Russia experienced a renaissance of culture and sciences, which led to the founding of ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov
Prince Vasiliy Lukich Dolgorukov (russian: Князь Василий Лукич Долгоруков; 16728 November 1739) was a Russian diplomat and minister who was the most powerful man in the country in the later years of Peter II's reign. A male-line descendant of the legendary prince Rurik, Dolgorukov was one of the first batch of young Russians whom Peter the Great sent abroad to be educated. From 1687 to 1700 he resided in Paris, where he learned thoroughly the principal European languages, acquired the superficial elegance of the court of Versailles, and associated with the Jesuits, whose moral system he is said to have appropriated. He began his diplomatic career as his uncle Yakov Fyodorovich's aide. He also accompanied another uncle Grigory Fyodorovich on a mission to Poland. On his return home he entered the diplomatic service. From 1706 to 1707 he represented Russia in Poland; and from 1707 to 1720 he was appointed minister in Copenhagen. There, he succeeded in pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governing Senate
The Governing Senate (russian: Правительствующий сенат, Pravitelstvuyushchiy senat) was a legislative, judicial, and executive body of the Russian Emperors, instituted by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very end of the Russian Empire. It was chaired by the Procurator General, who served as the link between the sovereign and the Senate; he acted, in the emperor's own words, as "the sovereign's eye". Description Originally established only for the time of Peter's absence, it became a permanent body after his return. The number of senators was first set at nine and, in 1712, increased to ten. Any disagreements between the Chief Procurator and the Senate were to be settled by the monarch. Certain other officials and a chancellery were also attached to the Senate. While it underwent many subsequent changes, it became one of the most important institutions of imperial Russia, especially for administration and law. The State Counc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prikaz
A prikaz (russian: прика́з, ''prikaz''; , plural: ) was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities in Muscovy and in Russia from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The term usually suggests the functionality of a modern "ministry", "office" or "department". In modern Russian, ''prikaz'' literally means an "order". Most of the prikazes were subordinated to the Boyar Duma. Some of them (palace prikazes (russian: links=no, дворцовые приказы, ) were subordinated to the ''taynyi prikaz'' or ''pervyi prikaz'', which answered directly to the tsar. The patriarch of Moscow and All Russia had his own prikazes. History Originally, prikazes were created by private orders (russian: приказ, prikaz) given by the tsar to a certain person. The functions of the prikazy would be led by boyars and professional administrators. From 1512, the term "Prikaz" started to be used to refer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegium Of State Income
The Collegium of State Income (russian: Камер-коллегия, ''Kamer-kollegiya''; or Revenue) was a Russian executive body (collegium), created in the government reform of 1717. It was de-established during the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia in 1785, restored 12 years later by her successor Paul I to be finally liquidated in 1801. It was responsible for the management of state fees and some branches of the economy (agriculture, etc.); later, some of its affairs were transferred to other collegia. Presidents # Dmitry Golitsyn (1718–22) # Gerasim Koshelev (1722) # Alexey Pleshcheyev (1723–25) # Alexander Naryshkin (1725–27) # Dmitry Golitsyn (1727–32) # Sergey Golitsyn (1732–35) # Pyotr Melgunov (1735–37) # Ivan Bibikov (1737–42) # Grigory Kislovsky (1742–53) # Mikhail Shakhovskoy (1753–60) # Ivan Yushkov (1760–62) # Boris Kurakin (1762–64) # Alexey Melgunov (1764–77) # Mikhail Shcherbatov (1778–84) # Vasily Popov (1797–99) # Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegium Of State Expenses
The Collegium of State Expenses (''Schtats-kontor'', or of the Treasury; also College) was a Russian executive body (collegium), created in the government reform of 1717. It was de-established during the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia. Its first President was Ivan Musin-Pushkin. History In 1711, following the establishment of the highest governing body - the Senate, the formation of sectoral governing bodies began - the colleges, replaced the order (Prikaz) system. According to the Swedish model, three colleges were established in the management of the reformed public finances: the chamber-college was in charge of income, the stats-office-college was in charge of expenditures and the revision college– responsible for the checks. Previously, the control over the state funds expenditures have been executed by the Prikaz on audited cases. In December 1717, the staffs of the collegium were approved, and the president and vice president were appointed. The firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Of Russia
Anna Ioannovna (russian: Анна Иоанновна; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administration was defined or heavily influenced by actions set in motion by her uncle, Peter the Great (), such as the lavish building projects in St. Petersburg, funding the Russian Academy of Science, and measures which generally favored the nobility, such as the repeal of a primogeniture law in 1730. In the West, Anna's reign was traditionally viewed as a continuation of the transition from the old Muscovy ways to the European court envisioned by Peter the Great. Within Russia, Anna's reign is often referred to as a "dark era". Early life Anna was born in Moscow as the daughter of Tsar Ivan V by his wife Praskovia Saltykova. Ivan V was co-ruler of Russia along with his younger half-brother Peter the Great, but he was mentally di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine The Great
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst , birth_place = Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia, Holy Roman Empire(now Szczecin, Poland) , death_date = (aged 67) , death_place = Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire , burial_date = , burial_place = Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg , signature = Catherine The Great Signature.svg , religion = Catherine II (born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power following the overthrow of her husband, Peter III. Under her long reign, inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, Russia experienced a renaissance of culture and sciences, which led to the founding of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treasury (other)
A treasury is a financial safe-house. Treasury may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media *'' A Treasury'', a 2004 album by Nick Drake * ''The Treasury'' (periodical), a 19th-century Welsh monthly for Calvinistic Methodists *Anthology, a collection of works by one writer or multiple writers *Omnibus edition, a collection of works, usually by a single writer Government and finance * HM Treasury (His Majesty's Treasury), the treasury to the British government * Ministry of the Treasury and Public Function, the treasury to the Spanish government * Treasury (Australia), the treasury to the Australian government * Treasury Board of Canada, a Cabinet committee of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada * Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, a central agency of the Canadian federal government * United States Department of the Treasury, the treasury to the U.S. federal government *United States Treasury security, a government security Other uses *The Treasury (store), a defunct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegia Of The Russian Empire
A (plural ), or college, was any association in ancient Rome that Corporation, acted as a Legal person, legal entity. Following the passage of the ''Lex Julia'' during the reign of Julius Caesar as Roman consul, Consul and Roman dictator, Dictator of the Roman Republic (49–44 BC), and their reaffirmation during the reign of Augustus, Caesar Augustus as ''Princeps senatus'' and Imperator of the Imperial Roman army, Roman Army (27 BC–14 AD), ''collegia'' required the approval of the Roman Senate or the Roman emperor, Emperor in order to be Charter, authorized as legal bodies. Such associations could be civil or religious. The word literally means "society", from (‘colleague’). They functioned as social clubs or religious collectives whose members worked towards their shared interests. These shared interests encompassed a wide range of the various aspects of urban life; including political interests, cult practices, professions, trade, and civic services. The social co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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