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Colias Chlorocoma
''Colias chlorocoma '' is a butterfly in the family Pieridae found in Transcaucasia, Turkey and Iran. Taxonomy Originally described as ''Colias chlorocoma'' Christoph, 1888. Röber considered ''C. chlorocoma'' to be an apparently very rare, local form of '' Colias libanotica''- "''C''. ''chlorocoma'' Christ., from Southern Armenia (Kasikoparan), is presumably a local form of ''libanotica'' ; it is large, the ground-colour being greenish in the male, white in the female. Apparently very rare." Treated as a species of ''Colias'' Fabricius, 1807 by Tuzov et al. Grieshuber & Gerardo Lamas consider that ''C. chlorocoma'' is very closely related to and possibly conspecific with '' Colias sagartia'' but androconial spots are rare in ''chlorocoma'' and males have yellow spots in the marginal band. The flight, the biotopes, and the foodplants of the two taxa are identical. ''C. chlorocoma'' is rather variable, in particular the green wing pigmentation differs from population to populati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Theodor Christoph
Hugo Theodor Christoph (16 April 1831 – 5 November 1894) was a German and Russian entomologist. Born in Herrnhut in Saxony, Hugo Theodor Christoph moved to Russia in 1858. He became a member of the Russian Entomological Society in 1861. From 1880, he was curator of the Lepidoptera collection of Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia. His own collection was sold to Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, a member of the Royal Entomological Society, and it is now in the Natural History Museum A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, climatology, and more. ... in London. References *Anon 1895 '' Entomologist's Monthly Magazine'' 31:30 Russian entomologists German lepidopterists 1831 births 1894 deaths Biologists from the Russian Empire People from Herrnhut 19th-century German zoologis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portable Document Format
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.Adobe Systems IncorporatedPDF Reference, Sixth edition, version 1.23 (53 MB) Nov 2006, p. 33. Archiv/ref> Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020. PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers, rich media (including video con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Of Asia
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colias
''Colias'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. They are often called clouded yellows; the North American name "sulphurs" is elsewhere used for Coliadinae in general. The closest living relative is the genus ''Zerene'', which is sometimes included in ''Colias''. This genus occurs throughout the Holarctic, including the arctic regions. They are also found in South America, Africa, China and India. Their caterpillars feed on certain Fabaceae, for example vetches (''Vicia''). While most are thus beneficial by keeping weeds at bay, some occasionally become nuisance pests on crops like alfalfa. In some species, the wings of males have brilliant ultraviolet reflection, while those of females do not. Adults of both sexes have various colour forms. Most if not all species of this genus, as usual for Coliadinae, do not sequester toxins or other noxious compounds from their food plants. They are therefore a well-loved prey item of insectivores as compared to ''Pieris'' of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consortium For The Barcode Of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Barcoding was proposed in 2003 by Prof. Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph in Ontario as a way of distinguishing and identifying species with a short standardized gene sequence. Hebert proposed the 658 bases of the Folmer region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome-C oxidase-1 as the standard barcode region. Hebert is the Director of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, and the International Barcode of Life Project (iBOL), all headquartered at the University of Guelph. The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is also located at the University of Guelph. CBOL was created in May 2004 with support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior. An organism's phenotype results from two basic factors: the expression of an organism's genetic code, or its genotype, and the influence of environmental factors. Both factors may interact, further affecting phenotype. When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species, the species is called polymorphic. A well-documented example of polymorphism is Labrador Retriever coloring; while the coat color depends on many genes, it is clearly seen in the environment as yellow, black, and brown. Richard Dawkins in 1978 and then again in his 1982 book ''The Extended Phenotype'' suggested that one can regard bird nests and other built structures such as cad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colias Sagartia
''Colias sagartia'' is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in the Elburz mountains in northern Iran and the mountains of north-western Iran. The wingspan is 48–54 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July in one generation per year. The larvae feed on '' Acantholimon'' and '' Astragalus'' species. Gallery File:Colias sagartia.JPG, Male File:Colias sagartia female.JPG, Female File:Colias sagartia underside.JPG, Underside of the wings References Butterflies described in 1869 sagartia ''Sagartia'' is a genus of sea anemones in the family Sagartiidae. The genus was first described by Philip Henry Gosse in 1855 and the image is his painting of several species found in British waters included in his book, ''A history of the Brit ... Butterflies of Asia Taxa named by Julius Lederer {{Pieridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conspecific
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species. Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing something special. Each animal or plant species is special. It differs in some way from all other species...biological specificity is the major problem about understanding life." Biological specificity within ''Homo sapiens'' ''Homo sapiens'' has many characteristics that show the biological specificity in the form of behavior and morphological traits. Morphologically, humans have an enlarged cranial capacity and more gracile features in comparison to other hominins. The reduction of dentition is a feature that allows for the advantage of adaptability in diet and survival. As a species, humans are culture dependent and much of human survival relies on the culture and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily (zoology), superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo Holometabolism, complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Röber
Johannes Karl Max "Julius" Röber (1861–1942) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. Röber lived in Dresden. He described many new species and genera (taxa). Works *Parts of Staudinger, O., and Schatz, E. (Eds.) (1884–1892): ''Exotische Schmetterlinge''.Particularly important is ''Die Familien und Gattungen'' in volume 2 and Rober completed part 6 which "illustrates the neuration (wing venation) of nearly five hundred different butterflies, representing almost as many genera and accompanied by some rude details of the structure of the legs, palpi, and antennae, are depicted on the fifty folio plates, while the text (284 pp.) describes the families, lower groups and genera with a statement of the number of species in each" Psyche,June 1892. *Familie: Pieridae, Satyridae. In Seitz, A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde,2, Exotische Fauna, 5, Stuttgart, A Kernen (1912). *Pieridae The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colias Aurorina
''Colias aurorina'', the Greek clouded butterfly or dawn clouded yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Central Greece, the Near East and the Caucasus area. It is rare in former Yugoslavia. Description ''Colias aurorina'' is one of the largest species of the genus; the wingspan is 35–70 mm. The upperside of the male is dusky orange -yellow, with moderately broad blackish brown marginal band which is traversed at the apex by yellow veins, the rather large middle spot of the forewing being blackish brown and that of the hindwing large and orange-red. The ground-colour of the female is somewhat brighter red, the dark marginal band bearing large yellow spots, which on the hindwing form a proximally dark-edged band, the dark marginal band being obsolescent. Biology The butterfly flies from May to July. The larvae feed on '' Astracantha'' and ''Astragalus ''Astragalus'' is a large genus of over 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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