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Coffee Red Leaf Spot
''Cephaleuros virescens'' is an algal plant pathogen that infects tea, coffee and coconut plants, causing algal leaf spot or algal rust. Host and symptoms ''Cephaleuros virescens'' is known to have a broad host range, the widest host range of the species. It has been recorded on 287 plant species and cultivars on the U.S. Gulf coast alone. Common hosts of the plant include tropical trees and shrubs, with the following being the more common or economically important; tea, kava, pepper, para rubber, magnolia, coffee, holly, Indian hawthorn, oil palm, avocado, vanilla, mango, breadfruit, guava, coconut, cashews, cacao, citrus, etc.. Most commonly ''Cephaleuros virescens'' is identified by the leaf spots it causes. Theses leaf spots are an orange-brown rust in color and usually occur entirely on the upper leaf surface, although leaf spots on the undersides of infected leaves have been reported. The spots are fuzzy in texture and approximately in diameter. In some cases, commonly in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Kunze
Gustav Kunze (4 October 1793, Leipzig – 30 April 1851, Leipzig) was a German professor of zoology, an entomologist and botanist with an interest mainly in ferns and orchids. Kunze joined the Wernerian Natural History Society in Edinburgh in 1817. He later became Zoology Professor at Leipzig University and in 1837 was appointed director of the Botanical Gardens in Leipzig. In 1851 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The plant genus ''Kunzea ''Kunzea'' is a genus of plants in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Australasia. They are shrubs, sometimes small trees and usually have small, crowded, rather aromatic leaves. The flowers are similar to those of plants in the genus '' Lep ...'' was named in his honour. Works * Beiträge zur Monographie der Rohrkäfer. ''Neue Schrift. Naturf. Ges. Halle'', 2 (4): 1-56. (1818). * Die Farrnkrauter in Kolorirten Abbildungen: Naturgetreu Erläutert und Beschrieben. 2 volumes (1847-1851). * Index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. ''Borgströmianska professuren'', a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algal
Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as ''Chlorella,'' ''Prototheca'' and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelp, a large brown alga which may grow up to in length. Most are aquatic and autotrophic (they generate food internally) and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem and phloem that are found in land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds, while the most complex freshwater forms are the ''Charophyta'', a division of green algae which includes, for example, ''Spirogyra'' and stoneworts. No definition of algae is generally accepted. One definition is that algae "have chlorophyll ''a'' as their primary photosynthetic pigment and lack a sterile covering of cells around their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camellia Sinensis
''Camellia sinensis'' is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family Theaceae. Its leaves and leaf buds are used to produce the popular beverage, tea. Common names include tea plant, tea shrub, and tea tree (not to be confused with ''Melaleuca alternifolia'', the source of tea tree oil, or the genus ''Leptospermum'' commonly called tea tree). White tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong, dark tea (which includes pu-erh tea) and black tea are all harvested from one of two major varieties grown today, ''C. sinensis'' var. ''sinensis'' and ''C. s.'' var. ''assamica'', but are processed differently to attain varying levels of oxidation with black tea being the most oxidized and green being the least. Kukicha (twig tea) is also harvested from ''C. sinensis'', but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves. Nomenclature and taxonomy The generic name ''Camellia'' is taken from the Latinized name of Rev. Georg Kamel, SJ (1661–1706), a Moravian-born Jesuit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffea Arabica
''Coffea arabica'' (), also known as the Arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean ('' C. canephora'') makes up most of the remaining coffee production. Arabica coffee originates from and was first cultivated in Yemen, and documented by the 12th century. ''Coffea arabica'' is called () in Arabic, borrowed from the Amharic "Buna". Taxonomy ''Coffea arabica'' was first described scientifically by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it ''Jasminum arabicum'' after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. Linnaeus placed it in its own genus ''Coffea'' in 1737. ''Coffea arabica'' is the only polyploid species of the genus ''Coffea,'' as it carries 4 copies of the 11 chromosom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coconut
The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the old Portuguese word '' coco'', meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called ''coconut water'' or ''coconut juice''. Mature, ripe coconut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Pest Management
Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates both chemical and non-chemical practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL). The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization defines IPM as "the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms." Entomologists and ecologists have urged the adoption of IPM pest control since the 1970s. IPM allows for safer pest control. The introduction and spread of invasive species can also be managed wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tea Diseases
Many of the diseases, pathogens and pests that affect the tea plant ('' Camellia sinensis'') may affect other members of the plant genus ''Camellia''. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Lepidoptera (butterflies and moth) pests References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{Teas Tea Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of ''Camellia sinensis'', an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and north ... Camellia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Diseases ...
This article is a list of diseases of coffee (''Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora''). Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders * Leaf miners (moths) - Leucoptera caffeina, Leucoptera coffeella References Extensive details and images, including on coffee rust epidemic, also in French, Spanish and PortugueseCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological SocietyCommon Names of Plant Diseases, International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions{Registration required * Coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coconut Palm Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of coconut palms (''Cocos nucifera''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Virus and viroid Phytoplasmal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Further reading *Manimekalai, R. Soumya, V.P., Sathish Kumar, R., Selvarajan, R., Krishna Reddy, M., Sasikala, George V Thomas., Rajeev M and Baranwal, V.K. 2010. Molecular detection of 16Sr XI group Phytoplasma associated with Root (Wilt) Disease of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in India. Plant disease 94:636 References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{coconut Coconut palm The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or t ... Coconut palm diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
