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Coalsack Bluff
Coalsack Bluff () is a small rock bluff standing at the northern limits of Walcott Neve, west-southwest of Bauhs Nunatak. It was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1961–62) because of the coal seams found running through the bluff. Paleontology Coalsack Bluff exposes a paleontologically important, fossiliferous sequence of sedimentary rocks containing the Permian–Triassic boundary. This bluff is a fossil location that has yielded well preserved Permian and Triassic and plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate fossils and paleosols that reveal the paleoclimatic and paleontologic changes associated with the Permian–Triassic extinction event. It is the location where abundant fossils of Early Triassic tetrapods were first discovered in Antarctica. The vertebrate fossils found at this location are important in understanding the biostratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of Permian and Triassic strata in Antarctica.Retallack, G.J., Jahren, A.H., Sheldo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walcott Neve
Lennox-King Glacier is a large valley glacier, about long, draining Bowden Névé and flowing northeast between the Holland Range and the Queen Alexandra Range of Antarctica to enter Richards Inlet, Ross Ice Shelf. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1959–60) for Lieutenant Commander James Lennox-King, Royal New Zealand Navy, leader at Scott Base, 1960. See also *Vertigo Bluff Vertigo Bluff () is a prominent rock bluff (1,950 m) located 4 nautical miles (7 km) south of Asquith Bluff on the west side of Lennox-King Glacier Lennox-King Glacier is a large valley glacier, about long, draining Bowden Névé and flowin ... References Glaciers of the Ross Dependency Shackleton Coast {{ShackletonCoast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrapod
Tetrapods (; ) are four-limbed vertebrate animals constituting the superclass Tetrapoda (). It includes extant and extinct amphibians, sauropsids ( reptiles, including dinosaurs and therefore birds) and synapsids (pelycosaurs, extinct therapsids and all extant mammals). Tetrapods evolved from a clade of primitive semiaquatic animals known as the Tetrapodomorpha which, in turn, evolved from ancient lobe-finned fish (sarcopterygians) around 390 million years ago in the Middle Devonian period; their forms were transitional between lobe-finned fishes and true four-limbed tetrapods. Limbed vertebrates (tetrapods in the broad sense of the word) are first known from Middle Devonian trackways, and body fossils became common near the end of the Late Devonian but these were all aquatic. The first crown-tetrapods (last common ancestors of extant tetrapods capable of terrestrial locomotion) appeared by the very early Carboniferous, 350 million years ago. The specific aquatic ancestors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleontological Sites Of Antarctica
Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossils to classify organisms and study their interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). Paleontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century BC. The science became established in the 18th century as a result of Georges Cuvier's work on comparative anatomy, and developed rapidly in the 19th century. The term itself originates from Greek (, "old, ancient"), (, (gen. ), "being, creature"), and (, "speech, thought, study"). Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a wide range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thrinaxodon Col
Thrinaxodon Col () is a rock col 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of Rougier Hill. The col is along the ridge that trends southward from Rougier Hill in the Cumulus Hills, Queen Maud Mountains. The name was proposed to Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1971 by geologist David H. Elliot of the Ohio State University Institute of Polar Studies.Stewart, J., 2011. ''Antarctica: An Encyclopedia,'' 2nd ed. Jefferson, North Carolina and London, McFarland & Company, Inc. 1771 pp. Geology This col is an important vertebrate fossil locality at which at least a dozen specimens of the mammal-like reptile ''Thrinaxodon'' were found. Colbert, E.H., 1986. ''Triassic vertebrates in the Transantarctic Mountains.'' In: Turner, M.D., and Splettstoesser, J.F., eds, pp. 11-35, ''Geology of the central Transantarctic Mountains.'' ''American Geophysical Research Series'', 36. Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 453 pp. The fossiliferous sedimentary strata exposed at T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masquerade Ridge
The Holland Range () is a rugged coastal mountain range in Antarctica, about long, lying just west of the Ross Ice Shelf and extending from Robb Glacier to Lennox-King Glacier. It was named by the Ross Sea Committee for Sir Sidney Holland, who as Prime Minister of New Zealand supported that nation's participation in the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE) of 1955–1958 was a Commonwealth-sponsored expedition that successfully completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole. It was the first expedition to reach the South ... (1956–58). References Mountain ranges of the Ross Dependency Shackleton Coast {{ShackletonCoast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Valley
Gordon Valley () is a small valley, the western half of which is occupied by a lobe of ice from Walcott Neve, lying west of Mount Falla in the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Mark A. Gordon, a United States Antarctic Research Program aurora scientist at Hallett Station, 1959.Stewart, J., 2011. ''Antarctica: An Encyclopedia,'' 2nd ed. Jefferson, North Carolina and London, McFarland & Company, Inc. 1771 pp. Geology and Paleontology The Gordon Valley exposes the middle and upper members of the Triassic Fremouw Formation of the Beacon Supergroup. They consist of discontinous beds of volcaniclastic sandstone intercalated with siltstone and silty mudstone, In the Gordon Valley, the upper member of Fremouw Formation contains a widely published and well-studied Triassic buried forest that consists of about 99 silicifed tree stumps and compressed leaves associated with paleosols and ancient stacked fluvial palaeochannels dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphite Peak
Graphite Peak () is a peak, high, standing at the northeast end of a ridge running northeast from Mount Clarke, just south of the head of Falkenhof Glacier in Antarctica. It was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1961–62) because of the graphite Graphite () is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on large ... found on the peak. References Mountains of the Ross Dependency Dufek Coast {{DufekCoast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirtbag Nunatak
The Harold Byrd Mountains (), also known more simply as the Byrd Mountains, are a group of exposed mountains and nunataks which extend in an east–west direction between the lower part of Leverett Glacier and the head of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. They were discovered in December 1929 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition geological party under Laurence Gould, and named by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an American naval officer and explorer. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the highest honor for valor given by the United States, and was a pioneering American aviator, p ... for D. Harold Byrd, a cousin of his and a contributor towards the purchase of furs for the expedition. References Mountain ranges of Marie Byrd Land {{MarieByrdLand-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biostratigraphy
Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock Stratum, strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.Hine, Robert. “Biostratigraphy.” ''Oxford Reference: Dictionary of Biology'', 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2019. The primary objective of biostratigraphy is ''correlation'', demonstrating that a particular Horizon (geology), horizon in one geological section represents the same period of time as another horizon at a different section. Fossils within these strata are useful because sediments of the same age can look completely different, due to local variations in the Sedimentary depositional environment, sedimentary environment. For example, one section might have been made up of clays and marls, while another has more chalky limestones. However, if the fossil species recorded are similar, the two sediments are likely to have been laid down around the same time. Ideally these fossils are used to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian–Triassic Extinction Event
The Permian–Triassic (P–T, P–Tr) extinction event, also known as the Latest Permian extinction event, the End-Permian Extinction and colloquially as the Great Dying, formed the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, approximately 251.9 million years ago. It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with the extinction of 57% of biological families, 83% of genera, 81% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species. It was the largest known mass extinction of insects. There is evidence for one to three distinct pulses, or phases, of extinction. The scientific consensus is that the main cause of extinction was the large amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the volcanic eruptions that created the Siberian Traps, which elevated global temperatures, and in the oceans led to widespread anoxia and acidification. Proposed contributing factors include: the emission of much addition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauhs Nunatak
Bauhs Nunatak () is a prominent nunatak, high, at the north side of Walcott Neve, about south-southeast of Mount Sirius. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Luvern R. Bauhs, a United States Antarctic Research Program ionospheric scientist at South Pole Station South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz ..., 1959. References Nunataks of the Ross Dependency Dufek Coast {{DufekCoast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleosol
In the geosciences, paleosol (''palaeosol'' in Great Britain and Australia) is an ancient soil that formed in the past. The precise definition of the term in geology and paleontology is slightly different from its use in soil science. In geology and paleontology, a paleosol is a former soil preserved by burial underneath either sediments (alluvium or loess) or volcanic deposits (volcanic ash), which in the case of older deposits have lithified into rock. In Quaternary geology, sedimentology, paleoclimatology, and geology in general, it is the typical and accepted practice to use the term "paleosol" to designate such "''fossil soils''" found buried within sedimentary and volcanic deposits exposed in all continents. In soil science the definition differs only slightly: ''paleosols'' are soils formed long ago that have no relationship in their chemical and physical characteristics to the present-day climate or vegetation. Such soils are found within extremely old continental cra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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