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Climatiiformes
The Climatiiformes is an order of extinct fish belonging to the class Acanthodii. Like most other "spiny sharks", the Climatiiformes had sharp spines. These animals were often fairly small in size and lived from the Late Silurian to the Early Carboniferous period. The type genus is '' Climatius''. The order used to be subdivided into the suborders Climatiida and Diplacanthida, but subsequently Diplacanthida has been elevated to a separate order, the Diplacanthiformes. The Diplacanthiformes take their name from '' Diplacanthus'', first described by Agassiz in 1843. Family Gyracanthidae Gyracanthidae is an family of extinct fish belonging to the class Acanthodii, known from early Devonian to late Carboniferous. Members are characterized by large, broad-based, paired fin spines with the pectoral fin spines having a distinct lo ... is sometimes rejected from this order. References Acanthodii Prehistoric fish orders Paraphyletic groups {{Carboniferous-animal- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthodii
Acanthodii or acanthodians is an extinct class of gnathostomes (jawed fishes), typically considered a paraphyletic group. They are currently considered to represent a grade of various fish lineages leading up to the extant Chondrichthyes, which includes living sharks, rays, and chimaeras. Acanthodians possess a mosaic of features shared with both osteichthyans (bony fish) and chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fish). In general body shape, they were similar to modern sharks, but their epidermis was covered with tiny rhomboid platelets like the scales of holosteians (gars, bowfins). A lower Silurian species, ''Fanjingshania renovata'', attributed to Climatiiformes is the oldest chondrichthyan with known anatomical features. The popular name "spiny sharks" is because they were superficially shark-shaped, with a streamlined body, paired fins, a strongly upturned tail, and stout, largely immovable bony spines supporting all the fins except the tail—hence, "spiny sharks". However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods (myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. A significant evolutionary milestone during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyracanthidae
Gyracanthidae is an family of extinct fish belonging to the class Acanthodii, known from early Devonian to late Carboniferous. Members are characterized by large, broad-based, paired fin spines with the pectoral fin spines having a distinct longitudinal curvature. Although it is originally classified in order Climatiiformes The Climatiiformes is an order of extinct fish belonging to the class Acanthodii. Like most other "spiny sharks", the Climatiiformes had sharp spines. These animals were often fairly small in size and lived from the Late Silurian to the Early Ca ..., but later study questioned this. References Acanthodii Prehistoric fish families {{Carboniferous-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplacanthidae
''Diplacanthus'' is an extinct genus of Mid to Late Devonian fish in the class Acanthodii, known as spiny sharks. Classification The genus was named by Louis Agassiz in 1843. It was formerly regarded as belonging to the Climatiformes but recently reassigned to the Diplacanthiformes, in which it is united with, amongst others, ''Rhadinacanthu''s, '' Uraniacanthus'', and '' Culmacanthus''. Diplacanthiforms were widespread during the Middle and early Late Devonian. They are best represented in the Middle Devonian, by articulated fossils, fin spines, and abundant scales, the latter particularly from northern Europe. In a latest revision of the genus ''Diplacanthus,'' a large number of species from Europe were synonymized with earlier Scottish species, and these too were redefined. D. ''crassisimus'' was taken to have precedence over D. ''striatus'' as the name of the type specimen. ''Diplacanthus longispinus'' was reassigned to ''Rhadinacanthus longispinus'', within which were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplacanthus
''Diplacanthus'' is an extinct genus of Mid to Late Devonian fish in the class Acanthodii, known as spiny sharks. Classification The genus was named by Louis Agassiz in 1843. It was formerly regarded as belonging to the Climatiformes but recently reassigned to the Diplacanthiformes, in which it is united with, amongst others, ''Rhadinacanthu''s, '' Uraniacanthus'', and '' Culmacanthus''. Diplacanthiforms were widespread during the Middle and early Late Devonian. They are best represented in the Middle Devonian, by articulated fossils, fin spines, and abundant scales, the latter particularly from northern Europe. In a latest revision of the genus ''Diplacanthus,'' a large number of species from Europe were synonymized with earlier Scottish species, and these too were redefined. D. ''crassisimus'' was taken to have precedence over D. ''striatus'' as the name of the type specimen. ''Diplacanthus longispinus'' was reassigned to ''Rhadinacanthus longispinus'', within which we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin '' carbō'' ("coal") and '' ferō'' ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplacanthida
Diplacanthiformes (also known as Diplacanthida, Diplacanthoidei, or Diplacanthini) is an order of acanthodian fishes which lived during the Devonian Period. Subtaxa * ''incertae sedis'' ** Genus '' Bryantonchus'' ** Genus '' Culmacanthus'' ** Genus '' Devononchus'' ** Genus '' Striacanthus'' ** Genus ''Tetanopsyrus'' * Family Diplacanthidae ** Genus ''Diplacanthus ''Diplacanthus'' is an extinct genus of Mid to Late Devonian fish in the class Acanthodii, known as spiny sharks. Classification The genus was named by Louis Agassiz in 1843. It was formerly regarded as belonging to the Climatiformes but r ...'' ** Genus '' Milesacanthus'' ** Genus '' Ptychodictyon'' ** Genus '' Rhadinacanthus'' * Family Gladiobranchidae? ** Genus '' Gladiobranchus'' ** Genus '' Uraniacanthus''? References Acanthodii Prehistoric fish orders Devonian fish Devonian first appearances Devonian extinctions {{Acanthodii-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Climatius
''Climatius'' (from el, κλίμα , 'gradation') is an extinct genus of spiny shark. Fossils have been found in both Europe and North America. ''Climatius'' was an active swimmer, judging from its powerful caudal fin and abundant stabilizing fins, and probably preyed on other fish and crustaceans. Its lower jaw was lined with sharp teeth which were replaced when worn, but the upper jaw had no teeth. It had large eyes, suggesting that it hunted by sight. It was a small fish, at , and to discourage predators, ''Climatius'' sported fifteen sharp spines. There was one spine each on the paired pelvic and pectoral fins, and on the aingle anal and two dorsal fins, and a four pairs without fins on the fish's underside. See also *List of acanthodians This list of acanthodian genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the subclass Acanthodii, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suborder
Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
