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Claudia Kolb
Claudia Anne Kolb (born December 19, 1949), also known by her married name Claudia Thomas, is an American former competition swimmer, two-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in four events. Kolb represented the United States as a 14-year-old at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the Swimming at the 1964 Summer Olympics - Women's 200 metre breaststroke, women's 200-meter breaststroke, and received the silver medal for her second-place performance (2:47.6) behind Soviet Galina Prozumenshchikova, who set a new Olympic record (2:46.4). When Mexico City hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics, Kolb won two gold medals. She dominated her competition in the medley events, winning both the Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre individual medley, women's 200-meter individual medley (2:24.7) and Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metre individual medley, women's 400-meter individual medley (5:08.5). Kolb set new Ol ...
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Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke, as the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes. Speed and ergonomics Breaststroke is the slowest of the four official styles in competitive swimming. The fastest breaststrokers can swim about 1.70 meters (~5.6 feet) per second. It is sometimes the hardest to teach to rising swimmers aft ...
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Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is considered among the most prestigious universities in the world. Stanford was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year. Leland Stanford was a U.S. senator and former governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students on October 1, 1891, as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, provost of Stanford Frederick Terman inspired and supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneu ...
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Shane Gould
Shane Elizabeth Gould (born 23 November 1956) is an Australian former competition swimmer. She won three gold medals, a silver medal and a bronze, at the 1972 Summer Olympics. In 2018, she won the fifth season of ''Australian Survivor,'' becoming the oldest winner of any '' Survivor'' franchise. Gould was born in Australia, but spent most of her childhood in Fiji after she and her family moved there. At age 15, Gould competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, winning three gold medals. Gould was named the Australian of the Year in 1972, and received an MBE in 1983. In April 2018, Gould was awarded an Order of Merit by the Australian Olympic Committee. Gould returned in the 1990s as a swimming mentor and competitor. She competed in competitive swimming again in 2003, participating in the 200m Individual Medley. In 1999, she published her autobiography ''Tumble Turns''. In 2018, she competed on ''Australian Survivor: Champions vs. Contenders'' and won'','' win ...
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World Record Progression 200 Metres Medley
The first world record in the 200 metres individual medley in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1956, followed by the women a year later. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since March 3, 1991. Men Long course Short course Women Long course Short course All-time top 25 Men long course *Correct as of July 2022 Notes Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 1:56.99: *Ryan Lochte also swam 1:54.10 (2009), 1:54.43 (2010), 1:54.56 (2009), 1:54.84 (2010), 1:54.90 (2012), 1:54.93 (2012), 1:54.98 (2013), 1:55.18 (2009), 1:55.22 (2008), 1:55.44 (2013), 1:55.51 (2012), 1:55.81 (2015), 1:56.02 (2014), 1:56.11 (2006), 1:56.13 (2012), 1:56.19 (2007), 1:56.22 (2016), 1:56.28 (2016), 1:56.50 (2014), 1:56.53 (2008), 1:56.71 (2016), 1:56.74 (2011), 1:56.78 (2006), 1:56.81 (2015), 1:56.95 (2007). *Michael Phelps also swam 1:54.23 (2008), ...
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Lynn Vidali
Lynn Marie Vidali (born May 26, 1952), also known by her married name Lynn Gautschi, is an American former competition swimmer, Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder. As a 16-year-old high school student, Vidali represented the United States at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.Sports-Reference.com, Olympic Sports, Athletes Lynn Vidali Retrieved September 8, 2015. She received a silver medal for her second-place performance in the women's 400-meter individual medley (5:22.2), finishing behind U.S. teammate Claudia Kolb (5:08.5). Four years later, she won a bronze medal in the women's 200-meter individual medley at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany.Sports-Reference.com, Olympic Sports, Swimming at the 1972 München Summer Games Women's 200 metres Individual Medley Final Retrieved September 8, 2015. In Munich, she also competed in the 400-meter individual medley and the 100-meter breaststroke, but finished out of medal contention in both events. ...
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University Of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California State Normal School (now San José State University). This school was absorbed with the official founding of UCLA as the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919, making it the second-oldest of the 10-campus University of California system (after UC Berkeley). UCLA offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines, enrolling about 31,600 undergraduate and 14,300 graduate and professional students. UCLA received 174,914 undergraduate applications for Fall 2022, including transfers, making the school the most applied-to university in the United States. The university is organized into the College of Letters and Science and 12 professional schools. Six of the schools offer undergraduate degre ...
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Charles E
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was '' Ċearl'' or ''Ċeorl'', as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England. The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as ''Karolus'' (as in ''Vita Karoli Magni''), later also as '' Carolus''. Some Germanic languages, for example Dutch and German, have retained the word in two separate senses. In the particular case of Dutch, ''Karel'' refers to the given name, whereas the noun ''kerel'' means "a bloke, fellow, man". Etymology The name's etymology is a Common Germanic noun ''*karilaz'' meaning "free man", which survives in English as churl (< Old English ''ċeorl''), which developed its depr ...
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Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the United States. The publication has won more than 40 Pulitzer Prizes. It is owned by Patrick Soon-Shiong and published by the Times Mirror Company. The newspaper’s coverage emphasizes California and especially Southern California stories. In the 19th century, the paper developed a reputation for civic boosterism and opposition to labor unions, the latter of which led to the bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. In recent decades the paper's readership has declined, and it has been beset by a series of ownership changes, staff reductions, and other controversies. In January 2018, the paper's staff voted to unionize and final ...
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World Record Progression 4 × 100 Metres Medley Relay
This article includes the world record progression for the 4×100 metres medley relay, and it shows the chronological history of world record times in that competitive swimming event. The 4×100 metres medley relay is a medley race in which each of four swimmers on a team swims a 100-metre leg of the relay, each swimming a different stroke, in the following sequence: # Backstroke (this can only be the first stroke, due to the necessity of starting this leg in the pool rather than by diving in); # Breaststroke; # Butterfly; # Freestyle ("freestyle" means any stroke other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly – most swimmers use the front crawl). Swimming world records are recognized by and maintained by FINA ("Fédération Internationale de Natation"), the international competitive swimming and aquatics federation that oversees the sport in international competition. World records in the medley relay event were first recognized by FINA in 1953. The long course (50-metre po ...
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World Record Progression 400 Metres Individual Medley
In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as one simple object while others analyze the world as a complex made up of many parts. In ''scientific cosmology'' the world or universe is commonly defined as " e totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be". '' Theories of modality'', on the other hand, talk of possible worlds as complete and consistent ways how things could have been. ''Phenomenology'', starting from the horizon of co-given objects present in the periphery of every experience, defines the world as the biggest horizon or the "horizon of all horizons". In ''philosophy of mind'', the world is commonly contrasted with the mind as that which is represented by the mind. ''Th ...
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World Record Progression 200 Metres Individual Medley
The first world record in the 200 metres individual medley in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1956, followed by the women a year later. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since March 3, 1991. Men Long course Short course Women Long course Short course All-time top 25 Men long course *Correct as of July 2022 Notes Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 1:56.99: * Ryan Lochte also swam 1:54.10 (2009), 1:54.43 (2010), 1:54.56 (2009), 1:54.84 (2010), 1:54.90 (2012), 1:54.93 (2012), 1:54.98 (2013), 1:55.18 (2009), 1:55.22 (2008), 1:55.44 (2013), 1:55.51 (2012), 1:55.81 (2015), 1:56.02 (2014), 1:56.11 (2006), 1:56.13 (2012), 1:56.19 (2007), 1:56.22 (2016), 1:56.28 (2016), 1:56.50 (2014), 1:56.53 (2008), 1:56.71 (2016), 1:56.74 (2011), 1:56.78 (2006), 1:56.81 (2015), 1:56.95 (2007). *Michael Phelps also swam 1:54.23 (2008), ...
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World Record Progression 100 Metres Breaststroke
This is a listing of the history of the World Record in the 100 breaststroke swimming event. The first world record in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognized by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1961, while the women's world record times were officially acknowledged in 1958. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since 3 March 1991. Men Long course Short course Women Long course Short course All-time top 25 Men long course *Correct as of August 2022 Notes Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 58.98: *Adam Peaty also swam 57.10 (2018), 57.13 (2016), 57.14 (2019), 57.37 (2021), 57.39 (2021), 57.47 (2017), 57.55 (2016), 57.56 (2021), 57.59 (2019), 57.62 (2016), 57.63 (2021), 57.66 (2021), 57.67 (2021), 57.70 (2021), 57.75 (2017), 57.87 (2019), 57.89 (2018), 57.92 (2015), 58.04 (2018), 58.13 (2020), 58.15 (2019), 58.18 (2015), 58.21 (2017), 58.22 (2021), 58.26 (202 ...
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