Claude (AI)
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Claude (AI)
Claude is a family of large language models developed by Anthropic. The first model was released in March 2023. The Claude 3 family, released in March 2024, consists of three models: Haiku, optimized for speed; Sonnet, which balances capability and performance; and Opus, designed for complex reasoning tasks. These models can process both text and images, with Claude 3 Opus demonstrating enhanced capabilities in areas like mathematics, Computer programming, programming, and logical reasoning compared to previous versions. Claude 4, which includes Opus and Sonnet, was released in May 2025. Training Claude models are generative pre-trained transformers. They have been pre-trained to predict the next word in large amounts of text. Then, they have been Fine-tuning (deep learning), fine-tuned, notably using constitutional AI and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Constitutional AI Constitutional AI is an approach developed by Anthropic for training AI systems, p ...
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Claude AI Logo
Claude may refer to: People and fictional characters * Claude (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Claude (surname), a list of people * Claude Callegari (1962–2021), English Arsenal supporter * Claude Debussy (1862–1918), French composer * Claude Kiambe (born 2003), Congolese-born Dutch singer * Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), French anthropologist and ethnologist * Claude Lorrain (c. 1600–1682), French landscape painter, draughtsman and etcher traditionally called just "Claude" in English * Claude Makélélé (born 1973), French football manager * Claude McKay (1890–1948), Jamaican-American writer and poet * Claude Monet (1840–1926), French painter * Claude Rains (1889–1967), British-American actor * Claude Shannon (1916–2001), American mathematician, electrical engineer and computer scientist * Madame Claude (1923–2015), French brothel keeper Fernande Grudet Places * Claude, Texas, a city * Claude, West Virginia, an unincorporated community ...
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AI Alignment
In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), alignment aims to steer AI systems toward a person's or group's intended goals, preferences, or ethical principles. An AI system is considered ''aligned'' if it advances the intended objectives. A ''misaligned'' AI system pursues unintended objectives. It is often challenging for AI designers to align an AI system because it is difficult for them to specify the full range of desired and undesired behaviors. Therefore, AI designers often use simpler ''proxy goals'', such as Reinforcement learning from human feedback, gaining human approval. But proxy goals can overlook necessary constraints or reward the AI system for merely ''appearing'' aligned. AI systems may also find loopholes that allow them to accomplish their proxy goals efficiently but in unintended, sometimes harmful, ways (reward hacking). Advanced AI systems may develop unwanted Instrumental convergence, instrumental strategies, such as seeking power or survival because s ...
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Reflection (artificial Intelligence)
Reflection is the term used for how some large language models (specifically reasoning language models (RLMs)) share information among their input or previous layers, based on their outputs or subsequent layers. This process is designed to mimic self-assessment and internal deliberation, aiming to minimize errors (like hallucinations) and increase interpretability. Reflection is a form of " test-time compute", where additional computational resources are used during inference. Introduction Traditional neural networks process inputs in a feedforward manner, generating outputs in a single pass. However, their limitations in handling complex tasks, and especially compositional ones, have led to the development of methods that simulate internal deliberation. Techniques such as chain-of-thought prompting encourage models to generate intermediate reasoning steps, thereby improving their performance in such tasks. The feedback can take place either after a full network pass and de ...
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Claude 3
Claude is a family of large language models developed by Anthropic. The first model was released in March 2023. The Claude 3 family, released in March 2024, consists of three models: Haiku, optimized for speed; Sonnet, which balances capability and performance; and Opus, designed for complex reasoning tasks. These models can process both text and images, with Claude 3 Opus demonstrating enhanced capabilities in areas like mathematics, programming, and logical reasoning compared to previous versions. Claude 4, which includes Opus and Sonnet, was released in May 2025. Training Claude models are generative pre-trained transformers. They have been pre-trained to predict the next word in large amounts of text. Then, they have been fine-tuned, notably using constitutional AI and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Constitutional AI Constitutional AI is an approach developed by Anthropic for training AI systems, particularly language models like Claude, to be ha ...
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Ubuntu
Ubuntu ( ) is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed primarily of free and open-source software. Developed by the British company Canonical (company), Canonical and a community of contributors under a Meritocracy, meritocratic governance model, Ubuntu is released in multiple official editions: ''Desktop computer, Desktop'', ''Server (computing), Server'', and ''Core'' for Internet of things, IoT and robotic devices. Ubuntu is published on a six-month release cycle, with long-term support (LTS) versions issued every two years. Canonical provides security updates and support until each release reaches its designated end-of-life (product), end-of-life (EOL), with optional extended support available through the Ubuntu Pro and Expanded Security Maintenance (ESM) services. , the latest stable release is Ubuntu version history#Ubuntu 25.04 (Plucky Puffin), 25.04 ("Plucky Puffin"), and the current LTS release is Ubuntu version history#Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat), 24.04 ( ...
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Python (programming Language)
Python is a high-level programming language, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is type system#DYNAMIC, dynamically type-checked and garbage collection (computer science), garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured programming, structured (particularly procedural programming, procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC (programming language), ABC programming language, and he first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of ...
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Kill (command)
In computing, kill is a command that is used in several popular operating systems to send signals to running processes. Implementations Unix and Unix-like In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, kill is a command used to send a signal to a process. By default, the message sent is the termination signal, which requests that the process exit. But ''kill'' is something of a misnomer; the signal sent may have nothing to do with process killing. The kill command is a wrapper around the kill() system call, which sends signals to processes or process groups on the system, referenced by their numeric process IDs (PIDs) or process group IDs (PGIDs). kill is always provided as a standalone utility as defined by the POSIX standard. However, most shells have built-in kill commands that may slightly differ from it. There are many different signals that can be sent (see ''signal'' for a full list), although the signals in which users are generally most interested are SIGTERM (" ...
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Lexical Analysis
Lexical tokenization is conversion of a text into (semantically or syntactically) meaningful ''lexical tokens'' belonging to categories defined by a "lexer" program. In case of a natural language, those categories include nouns, verbs, adjectives, punctuations etc. In case of a programming language, the categories include identifiers, operators, grouping symbols, data types and language keywords. Lexical tokenization is related to the type of tokenization used in large language models (LLMs) but with two differences. First, lexical tokenization is usually based on a lexical grammar, whereas LLM tokenizers are usually probability-based. Second, LLM tokenizers perform a second step that converts the tokens into numerical values. Rule-based programs A rule-based program, performing lexical tokenization, is called ''tokenizer'', or ''scanner'', although ''scanner'' is also a term for the first stage of a lexer. A lexer forms the first phase of a compiler frontend in processing. ...
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Poe (chatbot)
Quora is an American social question-and-answer website and online knowledge market headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was founded on June 25, 2009, and made available to the public on June 21, 2010. Users can post questions, answer questions, and comment on answers that have been submitted by other users. As of 2020, the website was visited by 300million users a month. History Founding and naming Quora was co-founded by former Facebook employees Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever in June 2009. In an answer to the question, "How did Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever come up with the name Quora?" Cheever wrote: We spent a few hours brainstorming and writing down all the ideas that we could think of. After consulting with friends and eliminating ones we didn't love, we narrowed it down to 5 or 6 finalists, and eventually settled on Quora. The closest competition that he nameQuora had was Quiver. 2010–2013: Early growth In March 2010, Quora, Inc. was valued ...
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Quora
Quora is an American social question-and-answer website and online knowledge market headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was founded on June 25, 2009, and made available to the public on June 21, 2010. Users can post questions, answer questions, and comment on answers that have been submitted by other users. As of 2020, the website was visited by 300million users a month. History Founding and naming Quora was co-founded by former Facebook employees Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever in June 2009. In an answer to the question, "How did Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever come up with the name Quora?" Cheever wrote: We spent a few hours brainstorming and writing down all the ideas that we could think of. After consulting with friends and eliminating ones we didn't love, we narrowed it down to 5 or 6 finalists, and eventually settled on Quora. The closest competition that he nameQuora had was Quiver. 2010–2013: Early growth In March 2010, Quora, Inc. was valu ...
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Notion (productivity Software)
Notion is a productivity and note-taking web application developed by Notion Labs, Inc. It is an online-only organizational tool with options for both free and paid subscriptions. It is headquartered in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States, with offices in New York City, New York, London, Dublin, Hyderabad, Seoul, Sydney, and Tokyo. Software Notion is a Collaborative software, collaboration platform with Markdown and includes kanban boards, tasks, Wiki software, wikis and databases. It is a workspace for Notetaking software, notetaking, Knowledge management software, knowledge and Spreadsheet, data management, as well as Project management software, project and task management. It has file management in a single workspace, allowing users to comment on ongoing projects, participate in discussions, and receive feedback. It can be accessed by Cross-platform software, cross-platform apps and by most web browsers. It includes a "clipper" for screenshotting content ...
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Reason
Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans. Reason is sometimes referred to as rationality. Reasoning involves using more-or-less rational processes of thinking and cognition to extrapolate from one's existing knowledge to generate new knowledge, and involves the use of one's intellect. The field of studies the ways in which humans can use formal reasoning to produce logically valid arguments and true conclusions. Reasoning may be subdivided into forms of logical reasoning, such as deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. Aristotle drew a distinction between logical discursive reasoning (reason proper), and intuitive reasoning, in whi ...
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