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Cladonia Cayennensis
''Cladonia cayennensis'' is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is found in French Guiana, although the authors suggest that its distribution might be more widespread. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2013 by the lichenologists Teuvo Ahti and Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was collected by André Aptroot from the botanical garden in Cayenne, where it was found growing on palm. Description ''Cladonia cayennensis'' is characterised by a durable , which is the main vegetative body of the lichen. This thallus comprises flat to slightly curved, scale-like segments known as , typically measuring 1–2 mm in width. These squamules are soft and delicate, with rounded edges that are either smooth or slightly divided. The upper surface of the squamules presents a greenish-brown colour, while the underside is white, with a fluffy or cotton-like appearance. This underside is loosely covered with soredia, especially along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teuvo Ahti
Teuvo ("Ted") Tapio Ahti (born 1934) is a Finnish botanist and lichenologist. He has had a long career at the University of Helsinki that started in 1963, and then following his retirement in 1997, at the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Known as a specialist of the lichen family Cladoniaceae, Ahti has published more than 280 scientific publications. A ''Festschrift'' was dedicated to him in 1994, and in 2000 he was awarded the prestigious Acharius Medal for lifetime contributions to lichenology. Education and career Ahti started developing an interest in botany at the age of 15, when he worked on a class project involving collecting 100 species of plants. His attention turned to lichens when a classmate who had worked for Veli Räsänen pointed them out during a birdwatching excursion in Helsinki. His interest was further fuelled when a couple of years later, he had to pass a test on identification of forest floor lichens and bryophytes as part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podetia
A podetium (plural: podetia) is the upright secondary thallus in ''Cladonia'' lichens. It is a hollow stalk extending from the primary thallus. Podetia can be pointed stalks, club like, cupped, or branched in shape and may or may not contain the ascocarp, the fruiting body, of the lichen. It is not considered part of the primary thallus as it is a fruiting structure for reproduction Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual or .... A lichen can be described as "podetiate" when it forms a podetium. References {{reflist Fungal morphology and anatomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Of French Guiana
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not plants. They may have tiny, leafless branches ( fruticose); flat leaf-like structures ( foliose); grow crust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Described In 2013
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Cladonia
''Cladonia'' is a genus of moss-like lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. ''Cladonia'' species are of economic importance to reindeer-herders, such as the Sami in Scandinavia or the Nenets in Russia. Antibiotic compounds are extracted from some species to create antibiotic cream. The light green species ''Cladonia stellaris'' is used in flower decorations. Although the phylogeny of the genus ''Cladonia'' is still under investigation, two main morphological groups are commonly differentiated by taxonomists: the ''Cladonia'' morpho-type and the ''Cladina'' morpho-type. The ''Cladonia'' morpho-type has many more species, and is generally described as a group of squamulose (grow from squamules), cup-bearing lichens. The ''Cladina'' morpho-types are often referred to as forage lichens, mat-forming lichens, or reindeer lichens (due to their importance as caribou winter forage). ''Cladonia perforata'' ("perforate cladonia") is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:List Of Cladonia Species
'' Cladonia'' is a large genus of lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. , '' Species Fungorum'' lists 242 species in the genus. A *''Cladonia acervata'' – Australia *''Cladonia ahtii'' *''Cladonia alaskana'' *''Cladonia albofuscescens'' *''Cladonia albonigra'' *''Cladonia aleuropoda'' *''Cladonia alpina'' *'' Cladonia amaurocraea'' *''Cladonia anaemica'' *''Cladonia andesita'' *''Cladonia angustata'' *''Cladonia appalachensis'' *''Cladonia apodocarpa'' *'' Cladonia arbuscula'' *''Cladonia archeri'' *''Cladonia arcuata'' *''Cladonia argentea'' *''Cladonia asahinae'' *''Cladonia atlantica'' A.Evans (1944) *''Cladonia atrans'' *''Cladonia attacta'' – Australia *''Cladonia awasthiana'' B *''Cladonia bacillaris'' *''Cladonia bacilliformis'' *''Cladonia bahiana'' *''Cladonia bangii'' *''Cladonia bellidiflora'' *''Cladonia berghsonii'' *''Cladonia bimberiensis'' *''Cladonia borbonica'' *''Cladonia borealis'' *''Cladonia botryo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spot Test (lichen)
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed by the botanist William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. There are several other less frequently used spot tests of more limited use that are employed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called ''exsiccatum'', plur. ''exsiccata'') but, depending upon the material, may also be stored in boxes or kept in alcohol or other preservative. The specimens in a herbarium are often used as reference material in describing plant taxa; some specimens may be types. The same term is often used in mycology to describe an equivalent collection of preserved fungi, otherwise known as a fungarium. A xylarium is a herbarium specialising in specimens of wood. The term hortorium (as in the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium) has occasionally been applied to a herbarium specialising in preserving material of horticultural origin. History The making of herbaria is an ancient phenomenon, at least six centuries old, although the techniques have changed l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeorin
Zeorin is a triterpene with the molecular formula C30H52O2 which occurs in many lichens A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus, fungi species in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Lichen products Pentacyclic compounds Alcohols Zeorin {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnic Acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933-1937 by Curd and Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including ''Usnea'', ''Cladonia'', ''Hypotrachyna'', ''Lecanora'', ''Ramalina'', ''Evernia'', ''Parmelia'' and '' Alectoria''. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes. At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate). Biological role in lichens Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. It is believed that usnic acid protect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidiomata
Conidiomata (singular: Conidioma) are blister-like fruiting structures produced by a specific type of fungus called a coelomycete. They are formed as a means of dispersing asexual spores call conidia, which they accomplish by creating the blister-like formations which then rupture to release the contained spores. Structure Conidiomata mainly consist of a mass of densely packed hypha which develops below the surface of the host cuticle, and the fungus may or may not use some of the host’s own tissue to construct the structure. Development of these structures can either occur just below the cuticle or below the epidermal layer of the tissue. Formation on the differing levels is dependent upon the type of conidiomata being formed. Five types of conidioma have been found and are classified as acervuli, pycnidia, sporodochia, synnemata and corenima. Types Acervuli Acervuli is one of the two major groups of conidiomata (the other being pycnidia). Conidiomata of this type form ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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